Netherlands 1961/62


Eredivisie         1961-1962

                  ADO  Ajax B W  DOS  DWS  Ens Feij  F 54 GVAV MVV  NAC  PSV  Rap  Spa  Vldm Vlw  VVV  Will
   A.D.O.         ***  1-3  1-4  1-2  3-0  2-2  0-2  2-1  2-2  0-1  2-3  1-1  4-1  1-0  2-1  2-1  5-1  0-3
   Ajax           1-2  ***  2-2  3-2  8-0  6-1  1-3  3-4  4-2  0-2  2-0  4-5  2-2  3-0  9-1  2-1  3-1  3-2
   Blauw Wit      0-0  2-2  ***  2-1  1-2  1-1  1-1  7-0  2-1  3-1  0-2  1-2  3-1  3-0  4-2  5-1  2-1  2-0
   D.O.S.         2-2  2-2  2-0  ***  2-2  2-3  0-0  2-3  2-1  3-3  2-3  1-1  5-0  3-2  6-2  4-1  1-1  3-1
   D.W.S./A       4-2  0-0  0-2  0-0  ***  2-2  2-3  2-1  2-0  1-0  0-3  0-0  0-0  0-0  1-1  2-2  1-1  0-2
   Sp. Enschede   4-1  2-0  2-1  3-4  6-1  ***  3-3  1-1  0-1  1-6  3-1  0-1  1-2  0-0  2-3  5-3  2-0  2-4
   Feijenoord     1-1  1-2  9-1  3-0  5-2  2-0  ***  1-1  7-4  3-2  4-1  1-1  3-0  3-0  3-0  6-0  3-0  0-2
   Fortuna '54    3-0  2-2  0-0  2-2  2-2  5-0  1-4  ***  0-3  2-2  0-2  1-3  0-1  1-0  6-1  5-2  4-1  1-3
   G.V.A.V.       3-1  1-0  2-2  3-0  3-2  1-1  1-1  0-0  ***  2-2  2-2  3-2  2-1  0-3  1-3  2-2  1-1  2-2
   M.V.V.         3-1  2-4  5-3  1-1  0-0  1-2  0-0  3-1  0-0  ***  2-2  1-1  0-0  1-1  3-0  2-1  1-0  1-0
   N.A.C.         1-1  1-3  0-1  2-0  1-1  3-0  2-3  0-0  0-0  1-0  ***  1-3  1-1  3-2  4-1  1-2  4-1  2-0
   P.S.V.         6-1  2-2  2-1  0-1  2-1  1-1  0-3  0-1  4-0  2-1  4-1  ***  7-1  4-0  5-1  4-2  2-1  3-2
   Rapid JC       3-3  1-2  2-3  3-3  0-1  0-1  1-6  0-3  1-0  0-0  2-5  1-0  ***  0-2  1-3  4-1  3-0  1-5
   Sparta         2-2  4-0  0-0  0-0  2-0  0-2  1-3  3-1  3-1  1-0  3-3  0-5  3-0  ***  4-2  2-2  2-0  4-2
   Volendam       3-2  4-0  2-4  4-0  0-0  4-1  1-1  2-1  5-2  2-3  3-1  3-1  3-0  1-0  ***  1-2  5-0  3-2
   Volewijckers   2-7  3-1  3-3  3-0  3-5  3-1  3-0  2-4  1-1  2-0  0-3  3-6  3-2  3-0  2-1  ***  1-0  2-1
   V.V.V.         1-1  1-0  1-5  3-2  3-1  2-0  1-0  3-0  2-0  2-3  1-0  1-3  2-0  1-1  0-0  1-1  ***  2-4
   Willem II      2-2  0-1  3-0  2-1  3-1  2-0  0-0  2-0  1-1  4-3  0-1  1-2  0-0  0-1  3-1  4-5  1-2  ***


                       total                   home                   away
 1 Feijenoord    34  20-10- 4  50   88- 35   12- 3- 2  27  55-17    8- 7- 2  23  33-18
 2 P.S.V.        34  21- 7- 6  49   85- 43   12- 2- 3  26  48-20    9- 5- 3  23  37-23
 3 Blauw Wit     34  16- 9- 9  41   71- 54   10- 4- 3  24  39-18    6- 5- 6  17  32-36
 4 Ajax          34  16- 7-11  39   80- 59   10- 2- 5  22  56-30    6- 5- 6  17  24-29
 5 N.A.C.        34  15- 8-11  38   60- 49    7- 5- 5  19  27-19    8- 3- 6  19  33-30
 6 M.V.V.        34  12-12-10  36   55- 46    7- 8- 2  22  26-17    5- 4- 8  14  29-29
 7 Volendam      34  15- 4-15  34   69- 76   12- 2- 3  26  46-20    3- 2-12   8  23-56
 8 Willem II     34  14- 5-15  33   63- 52    7- 4- 6  18  28-21    7- 1- 9  15  35-31
 9 Sparta        34  12- 9-13  33   46- 50    9- 5- 3  23  34-23    3- 4-10  10  12-27
10 D.O.S.        34  10-12-12  32   61- 62    7- 7- 3  21  42-27    3- 5- 9  11  19-35
11 Volewijckers  34  13- 6-15  32   68- 87   10- 2- 5  22  39-35    3- 4-10  10  29-52
12 Fortuna '54   34  11- 9-14  31   57- 61    6- 5- 6  17  35-28    5- 4- 8  14  22-33
13 Sp. Enschede  34  11- 8-15  30   55- 69    7- 3- 7  17  37-32    4- 5- 8  13  18-37
14 G.V.A.V.      34   8-14-12  30   48- 61    6- 9- 2  21  29-25    2- 5-10   9  19-36
15 A.D.O.        34   9-11-14  29   58- 69    7- 3- 7  17  29-28    2- 8- 7  12  29-41
16 D.W.S./A      34   7-14-13  28   38- 63    4- 9- 4  17  17-19    3- 5- 9  11  21-44
17 V.V.V.        34  10- 7-17  27   38- 62    9- 4- 4  22  27-21    1- 3-13   5  11-41
18 Rapid JC      34   6- 8-20  20   35- 77    4- 3-10  11  23-38    2- 5-10   9  12-39

                 Total number of goals     1075
                 Goal average per match    3.51
                 Goal average per club    59.72


Eerste divisie A   1961-1962

                 AGOVV Alkm BVV  DFC  DHC  Ehv  F V  G A  Gooi Hrlm Helm KFC  Lee  Sitt Stv  SVV  Veen Vit
   A.G.O.V.V.     ***  1-1  3-1  2-0  3-1  0-1  0-3  1-1  3-1  6-3  5-2  3-0  4-1  3-0  2-0  3-3  1-1  5-2
   Alkmaar        1-5  ***  2-3  0-1  0-1  2-3  3-1  0-0  1-2  2-0  4-0  3-2  4-2  0-2  6-1  2-2  1-0  2-3
   B.V.V.         0-4  1-1  ***  2-1  1-3  4-1  2-2  3-3  2-3  2-1  5-1  2-2  2-3  3-1  1-3  3-1  1-1  2-0
   D.F.C.         1-0  2-3  2-0  ***  1-3  3-0  3-3  3-2  2-0  2-0  4-0  0-0  1-0  0-0  1-1  3-3  0-0  0-0
   D.H.C.         2-0  3-1  2-0  1-1  ***  2-0  1-1  0-0  3-1  5-1  1-0  0-0  5-0  1-1  3-0  2-0  0-0  0-0
   Eindhoven      4-1  2-0  3-0  1-0  1-0  ***  3-0  0-0  2-0  4-1  1-2  3-0  1-1  3-3  2-0  4-0  5-3  1-1
   Fortuna Vlrd.  2-2  1-0  1-0  0-0  2-0  2-0  ***  1-0  5-3  8-2  6-0  5-1  1-1  5-2  6-1  1-0  1-0  4-1
   Go Ahead       1-1  4-1  2-1  1-1  1-0  3-1  1-2  ***  2-1  4-1  2-0  1-1  1-1  1-2  0-0  3-1  1-0  3-0
   't Gooi        2-2  0-0  2-1  1-1  3-1  2-3  2-2  2-2  ***  2-2  1-0  2-1  3-1  2-4  2-0  1-2  1-3  0-2
   Haarlem        2-3  0-1  0-1  0-0  0-3  0-0  2-3  0-4  0-3  ***  1-0  0-1  1-0  0-3  1-0  0-1  0-0  1-4
   Helmond        3-1  0-1  1-0  0-1  0-4  0-2  1-1  0-3  2-3  1-3  ***  0-1  0-3  0-1  2-1  0-2  1-4  5-1
   K.F.C.         0-0  2-4  2-0  2-1  1-1  3-2  2-1  0-1  2-1  2-0  2-6  ***  1-0  1-2  5-2  0-0  2-2  3-1
   Leeuwarden     4-4  2-0  5-0  2-0  0-1  1-0  1-3  0-0  0-0  0-1  2-0  0-0  ***  1-2  2-1  0-0  1-1  2-2
   Sittardia      2-2  0-1  1-0  0-1  0-0  0-1  4-2  3-1  0-0  1-0  1-0  2-1  3-1  ***  1-2  4-0  5-0  2-0
   Stormvogels    0-2  0-0  0-1  0-6  1-3  0-1  1-1  0-2  4-1  1-1  5-2  0-3  1-3  1-3  ***  0-1  3-3  1-2
   S.V.V.         1-0  1-1  2-0  1-1  0-0  3-1  4-2  1-1  0-3  5-1  5-0  1-0  2-1  1-1  2-1  ***  2-1  2-0
   Veendam        4-0  1-2  2-1  3-0  1-1  1-0  1-2  1-1  2-1  6-2  1-0  3-0  3-1  0-0  4-0  1-0  ***  4-0
   Vitesse        2-1  2-0  2-1  0-2  1-1  4-0  5-2  3-1  6-4  3-1  4-1  1-1  1-2  2-2  4-2  1-1  2-3  ***


                       total                   home                   away
 1 Fortuna Vlrd. 34  19- 9- 6  47   82- 49   14- 3- 0  31  51-13    5- 6- 6  16  31-36
 2 D.H.C.        34  17-12- 5  46   54- 22   10- 7- 0  27  31- 6    7- 5- 5  19  23-16
 3 Sittardia     34  18- 9- 7  45   58- 36   10- 3- 4  23  29-12    8- 6- 3  22  29-24
 4 Go Ahead      34  14-14- 6  42   53- 32   10- 5- 2  25  31-14    4- 9- 4  17  22-18
 5 Veendam       34  15-11- 8  41   60- 38   12- 3- 2  27  38-11    3- 8- 6  14  22-27
 6 Eindhoven     34  18- 5-11  41   56- 42   12- 4- 1  28  40-12    6- 1-10  13  16-30
 7 S.V.V.        34  15-11- 8  41   50- 42   11- 5- 1  27  33-14    4- 6- 7  14  17-28
 8 A.G.O.V.V.    34  15-10- 9  40   73- 52   11- 4- 2  26  45-21    4- 6- 7  14  28-31
 9 D.F.C.        34  13-13- 8  39   45- 31    8- 7- 2  23  28-15    5- 6- 6  16  17-16
10 Vitesse       34  14- 8-12  36   62- 62   10- 4- 3  24  43-25    4- 4- 9  12  19-37
11 K.F.C.        34  12-10-12  34   44- 50    9- 4- 4  22  30-24    3- 6- 8  12  14-26
12 Alkmaar       34  13- 7-14  33   50- 50    7- 2- 8  17  33-28    6- 5- 6  17  17-22
13 Leeuwarden    34  10-10-14  30   44- 49    6- 7- 4  19  23-15    4- 3-10  11  21-34
14 't Gooi       34  11- 8-15  30   55- 63    6- 6- 5  18  28-27    5- 2-10  12  27-36
15 B.V.V.        34  10- 5-19  25   46- 63    7- 5- 5  19  36-31    3- 0-14   6  10-32
16 Haarlem       34   5- 5-24  15   28- 81    3- 3-11   9   8-27    2- 2-13   6  20-54
17 Stormvogels   34   4- 6-24  14   33- 79    2- 4-11   8  18-35    2- 2-13   6  15-44
18 Helmond       34   6- 1-27  13   30- 82    4- 1-12   9  16-32    2- 0-15   4  14-50

                 Total number of goals      923
                 Goal average per match    3.01
                 Goal average per club    51.27

   Eindhoven - Leeuwarden originally 2-1, after protest changed to 1-1

   Playoff against seventh place: S.V.V. - Veendam    2-0
                                  Veendam - Eindhoven 2-1
                                  Eindhoven - S.V.V.  2-0
   Goal average in regular competition decisive


Eerste divisie B   1961-1962

                  B Q  EBOH Elin E B  Exc  Hrvn Her  Herm Hilv HVC  Limb NOAD RBC  SHS  VSV  Wag  Wilh ZFC
   Be Quick       ***  4-0  3-3  4-3  3-3  0-1  0-2  2-1  5-0  4-0  1-4  8-2  3-0  1-4  2-0  2-3  2-2  0-1
   E.B.O.H.       1-2  ***  1-1  0-3  1-3  3-0  1-6  1-6  1-4  0-5  0-0  0-2  1-2  0-4  3-6  1-3  3-5  0-1
   Elinkwijk      3-1  8-2  ***  1-0  1-1  2-0  4-1  2-1  3-2  2-1  4-2  1-0  0-1  1-0  2-2  1-5  4-2  4-2
   Enschedese B.  4-0  4-1  1-2  ***  2-2  2-1  1-1  4-0  4-1  3-0  5-1  3-2  3-3  3-1  6-1  4-1  1-1  4-1
   Excelsior      5-0  2-0  3-1  1-0  ***  1-1  1-0  1-1  1-0  1-3  1-2  1-1  1-1  4-0  2-0  3-0  4-0  1-0
   Heerenveen     0-3  5-1  3-1  3-1  0-4  ***  1-0  1-1  2-5  1-2  2-1  0-0  2-2  0-1  1-0  2-3  6-1  1-2
   Heracles       4-0  8-0  3-0  1-0  5-3  1-0  ***  5-0  2-0  0-2  4-2  1-2  9-1  0-0 10-1  5-1  8-0  0-0
   Hermes D.V.S.  1-2  3-1  0-1  3-1  3-2  2-2  1-1  ***  1-4  4-4  1-1  0-2  2-1  1-2  4-1  4-2  1-0  3-1
   Hilversum      7-2  3-0  0-1  2-1  2-2  0-0  1-0  1-2  ***  4-2  2-3  2-1  2-0  0-1  2-3  1-2  1-1  0-0
   H.V.C.         1-2  3-1  2-4  1-2  1-2  0-0  0-3  1-3  0-1  ***  2-3  3-0  1-0  1-3  3-2  2-1  4-0  0-0
   Limburgia      2-3  5-1  0-1  1-1  0-2  4-1  0-0  3-1  3-2  4-0  ***  3-0  3-0  0-1  7-4  2-2  5-0  0-0
   N.O.A.D.       2-2  9-2  1-1  2-6  0-4  0-0  0-5  2-0  3-2  5-2  0-2  ***  1-2  1-5  2-1  2-2  4-3  2-1
   R.B.C.         3-1  5-0  3-0  3-1  1-2  3-0  0-2  2-0  3-1  6-3  4-2  2-3  ***  2-0  5-0  4-4  1-0  0-0
   S.H.S.         1-1  3-0  2-2  0-1  0-1  2-3  3-3  4-0  2-1  0-0  0-1  2-0  0-2  ***  4-1  3-0  3-1  1-0
   V.S.V.         4-1  1-1  4-3  5-1  0-0  0-0  0-5  3-0  2-1  2-0  1-1  1-3  2-3  3-2  ***  2-3  2-0  1-2
   Wageningen     3-3  6-0  2-1  3-3  4-2  2-2  1-2  2-1  1-2  1-3  0-1  1-1  1-1  3-2  4-1  ***  2-2  0-5
   Wilhelmina     2-2  5-1  2-1  0-3  2-3  1-4  2-4  0-1  1-1  4-2  0-3  2-0  0-4  0-0  4-0  4-1  ***  3-0
   Z.F.C.         1-0  4-1  1-2  2-3  2-1  1-1  0-2  0-0  3-1  3-1  2-1  1-0  0-0  0-1  0-1  1-0  3-1  ***


                       total                   home                   away
 1 Heracles      34  22- 6- 6  50  103- 28   13- 2- 2  28  66-12    9- 4- 4  22  37-16
 2 Excelsior     34  19- 9- 6  47   70- 37   11- 4- 2  26  33-10    8- 5- 4  21  37-27
 3 Elinkwijk     34  19- 6- 9  44   68- 54   13- 2- 2  28  43-23    6- 4- 7  16  25-31
 4 R.B.C.        34  18- 7- 9  43   70- 50   12- 2- 3  26  47-19    6- 5- 6  17  23-31
 5 Enschedese B. 34  18- 6-10  42   84- 51   12- 4- 1  28  54-19    6- 2- 9  14  30-32
 6 Limburgia     34  17- 7-10  41   72- 48    9- 4- 4  22  42-19    8- 3- 6  19  30-29
 7 S.H.S.        34  17- 6-11  40   57- 37    8- 4- 5  20  30-17    9- 2- 6  20  27-20
 8 Z.F.C.        34  14- 8-12  36   40- 36    9- 3- 5  21  24-16    5- 5- 7  15  16-20
 9 Be Quick      34  13- 7-14  33   69- 73    8- 3- 6  19  44-29    5- 4- 8  14  25-44
10 Wageningen    34  12- 9-13  33   69- 75    6- 6- 5  18  36-32    6- 3- 8  15  33-43
11 Heerenveen    34  10-11-13  31   46- 52    7- 3- 7  17  30-28    3- 8- 6  14  16-24
12 Hermes D.V.S. 34  12- 7-15  31   52- 62    8- 4- 5  20  34-28    4- 3-10  11  18-34
13 N.O.A.D.      34  12- 7-15  31   55- 71    7- 4- 6  18  36-40    5- 3- 9  13  19-31
14 Hilversum     34  12- 5-17  29   58- 58    7- 4- 6  18  30-21    5- 1-11  11  28-37
15 V.S.V.        34  11- 5-18  27   57- 87    8- 4- 5  20  33-26    3- 1-13   7  24-61
16 H.V.C.        34  11- 4-19  26   55- 71    6- 2- 9  14  25-27    5- 2-10  12  30-44
17 Wilhelmina    34   8- 7-19  23   51- 84    7- 3- 7  17  32-30    1- 4-12   6  19-54
18 E.B.O.H.      34   1- 3-30   5   29-131    1- 2-14   4  17-53    0- 1-16   1  12-78

                 Total number of goals     1105
                 Goal average per match    3.61
                 Goal average per club    61.38

   Wilhelmina - Excelsior originally 2-2, after protest changed to 2-3

   Playoff for championship 1e divisie: Fortuna Vlrd. - Heracles 0-0  and  0-1

   Playoff to remain in 1e divisie:   S.V.V. - S.H.S.  0-2 (field: D.H.C.)

Tweede divisie     1961-1962

                  Bar  EDO  Grf  Helm LON  NEC  Old  PEC  RCH  Roda Tub  UVS  Vlx  Zwar Zwol
   Baronie        ***  2-2  2-0  3-2  1-1  3-4  6-2  1-1  1-1  3-2  2-0  4-1  0-3  1-2  3-5
   E.D.O.         2-3  ***  0-0  0-0  5-4  3-1  0-0  3-0  4-1  3-3  0-1  2-0  2-2  0-0  1-0
   De Graafschap  2-3  2-0  ***  1-4  2-0  4-2  1-0  3-0  2-0  1-0  0-2  1-1  0-3  2-1  2-2
   Helmondia '55  1-0  3-2  2-2  ***  2-3  8-1  1-1  2-1  3-1  0-0  1-1  2-1  2-1  3-1  2-0
   L.O.N.G.A.     1-2  0-2  3-0  2-1  ***  1-1  2-3  1-1  1-0  1-1  2-3  2-2  3-2  0-1  0-2
   N.E.C.         2-3  4-0  0-3  5-0  1-1  ***  2-1  7-2  0-2  1-4  2-1  2-1  2-1  5-0  2-2
   Oldenzaal      0-2  0-2  1-1  0-1  1-1  2-0  ***  2-1  1-0  0-3  1-3  2-1  3-2  2-0  2-1
   P.E.C.         4-4  3-2  2-1  2-4  5-1  2-2  1-0  ***  1-3  0-0  5-1  3-2  0-5  1-3  1-2
   R.C.H.         0-1  3-3  2-0  2-2  0-0  1-0  0-0  1-3  ***  2-1  1-0  1-0  2-0  1-1  3-1
   Roda Sport     0-0  1-2  1-0  3-0  1-2  3-0  4-1  5-1  3-3  ***  5-2  1-1  3-1  1-0  0-0
   Tubantia       2-1  6-0  1-2  4-2  2-2  1-4  1-3  1-2  1-1  3-0  ***  1-1  3-1  1-1  3-1
   U.V.S.         2-1  0-1  1-0  0-0  1-1  3-2  3-0  2-0  2-1  1-2  0-3  ***  1-2  2-0  1-2
   Velox          3-1  1-1  5-1  3-0  2-0  1-1  0-0  3-1  1-3  5-2  7-1  4-1  ***  5-3  4-1
   Zwartemeer     1-0  3-0  1-0  2-2  2-1  4-3  1-2  1-2  0-1  0-2  0-0  1-0  1-2  ***  2-1
   Zwolsche Boys  1-1  1-2  0-0  5-0  1-2  1-1  1-0  2-0  2-1  1-2  2-4  4-0  1-2  1-2  ***


                       total                   home                   away
 1 Velox         28  16- 4- 8  36   71- 39   10- 3- 1  23  44-16    6- 1- 7  13  27-23
 2 Roda Sport    28  13- 8- 7  34   53- 34    8- 4- 2  20  31-13    5- 4- 5  14  22-21
 3 Helmondia '55 28  12- 8- 8  32   50- 47    9- 4- 1  22  32-15    3- 4- 7  10  18-32
 4 Baronie       28  12- 7- 9  31   54- 47    6- 4- 4  16  32-26    6- 3- 5  15  22-21
 5 E.D.O.        28  11- 9- 8  31   44- 44    6- 6- 2  18  25-15    5- 3- 6  13  19-29
 6 R.C.H.        28  11- 8- 9  30   37- 34    7- 5- 2  19  19-12    4- 3- 7  11  18-22
 7 Tubantia      28  12- 6-10  30   52- 49    6- 4- 4  16  30-21    6- 2- 6  14  22-28
 8 Zwartemeer    28  11- 5-12  27   34- 41    7- 2- 5  16  19-16    4- 3- 7  11  15-25
 9 N.E.C.        28  10- 6-12  26   57- 58    8- 2- 4  18  35-21    2- 4- 8   8  22-37
10 De Graafschap 28  10- 6-12  26   33- 39    8- 2- 4  18  23-18    2- 4- 8   8  10-21
11 Oldenzaal     28  10- 6-12  26   30- 41    7- 2- 5  16  17-18    3- 4- 7  10  13-23
12 L.O.N.G.A.    28   7-10-11  24   38- 47    4- 4- 6  12  19-21    3- 6- 5  12  19-26
13 Zwolsche Boys 28   9- 6-13  24   43- 43    5- 3- 6  13  23-17    4- 3- 7  11  20-26
14 P.E.C.        28   9- 5-14  23   45- 64    6- 3- 5  15  30-30    3- 2- 9   8  15-34
15 U.V.S.        28   7- 6-15  20   31- 45    7- 2- 5  16  19-15    0- 4-10   4  12-30

                 Total number of goals      672
                 Goal average per match    3.20
                 Goal average per club    44.80


   E.D.O. - Baronie originally 3-3, after protest changed to 2-3

   Graafschap - Zwolsche Boys originally 1-2, after protest changed to 2-2

   Baronie - Roda Sport originally 2-2, after protest changed to 3-2

   Playoff for promotion: Oldenzaal - Graafschap 3-1
                          N.E.C. - Oldenzaal     1-0
                          Graafschap - N.E.C.    2-0
                          Oldenzaal promoted

   Playoff against relegation: L.O.N.G.A. - Zwolsche Boys 4-1 (relegation not effective)

   Helmond, E.B.O.H. and U.V.S. returned to amateur football

   Xerxes promoted to 2e divisie as amateur champions

   Roda Sport and Rapid J.C. merged into Roda J.C.



1960/61

1962/63

list of champions.

all-time table from 1956 onwards.

list of 2nd division champions.

list of first class champions.

list of cup finals.

list of super cup finals.


About this document

Prepared and maintained by Jan Schoenmakers for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation

Author: Jan Schoenmakers (Jan.Schoenmakers@atosorigin.com)
Last updated: 3 Jan 2014

(C) Copyright Jan Schoenmakers and RSSSF 2005/14
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.