Nationalliga Group 1 ZUR UGS YFZ LUG NOR LCF BAS BER STG Zürich xxx 5-2 4-1 2-0 5-2 0-1 4-1 5-2 4-2 Urania 0-1 xxx 2-3 0-0 1-0 3-2 4-1 0-3 5-0 Young Fellows 0-2 3-2 xxx 1-1 6-4 3-0 0-4 3-3 6-2 Lugano 0-1 1-2 3-2 xxx 1-2 2-0 8-1 3-1 6-1 Nordstern 2-1 4-1 4-2 0-0 xxx 3-1 2-0 2-1 0-0 Chaux-de-F. 0-3 1-2 3-0 3-0 3-1 xxx 2-6 2-0 10-2 Basel 0-3 0-6 1-4 3-0 3-1 2-5 xxx 2-2 3-2 Bern 1-0 0-3 0-8 1-3 2-0 5-0 3-4 xxx 1-5 St.Gallen 3-4 0-1 1-2 1-3 8-1 2-2 2-4 3-3 xxx 1. FC Zürich 16 13 0 3 44-17 26 (2) 2. Urania Genève Sport 16 9 1 6 34-24 19 (1)(2) ------------------------------------------------------- 3. Young Fellows Zürich 16 8 2 6 44-36 18 4. FC Lugano 16 7 3 6 31-21 17 5. Nordstern Basel 16 7 2 7 28-35 16 6. FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 16 7 1 8 35-34 15 7. FC Basel 16 7 1 8 35-48 15 ------------------------------------------------------- 8. FC Bern 16 4 3 9 28-43 11 Relegated 9. FC St.Gallen 16 2 3 11 34-55 7 Relegated [Aug 30] FC Basel 1-4 Young Fellows [Sep 6] FC Lugano 8-1 FC Basel FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 2-0 FC Bern FC St.Gallen 0-1 Urania Genève FC Zürich 5-2 Nordstern Basel [Sep 13] Urania Genève 0-0 FC Lugano Nordstern Basel 2-1 FC Bern FC Zürich 4-2 FC St.Gallen Young Fellows 3-0 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds [Sep 27] FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 0-3 FC Zürich FC Basel 0-6 Urania Genève FC Lugano 3-1 FC Bern FC St.Gallen 1-2 Young Fellows [Oct 11] Urania Genève 0-1 FC Zürich FC Basel 2-5 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds Young Fellows 6-4 Nordstern Basel [Oct 18] FC Bern 0-3 Urania Genève Nordstern Basel 0-0 FC St.Gallen Young Fellows 1-1 FC Lugano [Oct 25] FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 3-0 FC Lugano FC Bern 1-5 FC St.Gallen FC Zürich 4-1 FC Basel [Nov 8] FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 3-1 Nordstern Basel FC Bern 0-8 Young Fellows FC Lugano 0-1 FC Zürich FC St.Gallen 2-4 FC Basel [Nov 15] Urania Genève 3-2 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds Nordstern Basel 2-0 FC Basel FC Lugano 6-1 FC St.Gallen [Nov 22] Young Fellows 3-2 Urania Genève FC St.Gallen 2-2 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds [Nov 29] FC Zürich 4-1 Young Fellows FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 10-2 FC St.Gallen [Dec 6] FC St.Gallen 8-1 Nordstern Basel FC Zürich 2-0 FC Lugano FC Basel 2-2 FC Bern [Dec 20] Urania Genève 1-0 Nordstern Basel FC Bern 1-0 FC Zürich [Dec 27] Nordstern Basel 0-0 FC Lugano [Jan 17] FC Zürich 0-1 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds Young Fellows 3-3 FC Bern [Jan 24] FC Bern 2-0 Nordstern Basel Urania Genève 5-0 FC St.Gallen FC Basel 0-3 FC Zürich [Jan 31] FC Zürich 5-2 FC Bern Young Fellows 6-2 FC St.Gallen Nordstern Basel 3-1 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds [Feb 14] FC Bern 3-4 FC Basel [Feb 21] Young Fellows 0-4 FC Basel Nordstern Basel 4-1 Urania Genève [Feb 28] FC Basel 3-2 FC St.Gallen FC Lugano 1-2 Nordstern Basel [played in Bern] [March 6] FC Zürich 5-2 Urania Genève [March 13] Young Fellows 0-2 FC Zürich [March 20] Urania Genève 2-3 Young Fellows [April 3] FC St.Gallen 3-4 FC Zürich FC Basel 3-1 Nordstern Basel [April 10] FC Lugano 2-0 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds [played in Bern] Nordstern Basel 4-2 Young Fellows Urania Genève 4-1 FC Basel [April 17] Nordstern Basel 2-1 FC Zürich Urania Genève 0-3 FC Bern FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 2-6 FC Basel [April 24] FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 1-2 Urania Genève FC Lugano 3-2 Young Fellows [played in Bern] [May 1st] FC St.Gallen 3-3 FC Bern FC Lugano 1-2 Urania Genève [played in Bern] FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 3-0 Young Fellows [May 8] FC Bern 5-0 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds FC Basel 3-0 FC Lugano [May 29] FC St.Gallen 1-3 FC Lugano [June 12] FC Bern 1-3 FC Lugano Group 2 GCZ BIE YBB ECA AAR BLU SER ETO OBB Grasshoppers xxx 4-1 2-2 1-0 0-1 3-2 5-1 9-0 1-2 Biel 0-4 xxx 2-0 1-4 1-1 0-0 0-2 2-1 5-2 Young Boys 1-5 0-0 xxx 2-2 3-1 3-1 4-1 2-1 1-1 Carouge 1-1 1-3 0-0 xxx 2-0 5-3 2-2 5-2 3-3 Aarau 0-8 2-2 3-2 2-1 xxx 2-1 0-1 2-4 4-1 Blue Stars 0-1 1-3 2-0 2-0 0-1 xxx 1-1 3-1 5-0 Servette 0-4 1-2 0-3F 3-1 4-1 2-0 xxx 0-2 0-3F Etoile 0-4 0-2 1-4 3-3 2-1 0-3 2-0 xxx 1-0 Old Boys 1-2 0-2 0-2 2-2 0-0 1-2 3-0F 1-1 xxx 1. Grasshopper-Club Zürich 16 12 2 2 54-12 26 (2) 2. FC Biel-Bienne 16 8 4 4 26-23 20 (1)(2) ------------------------------------------------------- 3. BSC Young Boys Bern 16 7 5 4 29-22 19 4. Etoile Carouge 16 4 7 5 32-30 15 5. FC Aarau 16 6 3 7 21-32 15 6. Blue Stars Zürich 16 6 2 8 26-23 14 ------------------------------------------------------- 7. Servette FC Genève 16 5 2 9 18-33 12 (3) 8. Etoile La Chaux-de-Fonds 16 5 2 9 21-41 12 (3) Relegated 9. BSC Old Boys Basel 16 3 5 8 20-31 11 Relegated [Aug 30] Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 3-3 Etoile Carouge [Sep 6] Etoile Carouge 2-2 Servette Genève Grasshopper-Club 1-2 BSC Old Boys [Sep 13] Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 0-4 Grasshopper-Club FC Biel-Bienne 1-4 Etoile Carouge FC Aarau 3-1 BSC Old Boys [annuled; Replayed] [Replay Feb 7, 1932] FC Aarau 4-1 BSC Old Boys [Sep 27] Servette Genève 1-2 FC Biel-Bienne BSC Young Boys 2-1 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. Grasshopper-Club 0-1 FC Aarau Blue Stars Zürich 2-0 Etoile Carouge [Oct 11] Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 2-0 Servette Genève BSC Young Boys 2-2 Etoile Carouge Blue Stars Zürich 0-1 FC Aarau [Oct 18] Etoile Carouge 1-1 Grasshopper-Club Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 0-3 Blue Stars Zürich FC Biel-Bienne 2-0 BSC Young Boys FC Aarau 0-1 Servette Genève [Oct 25] BSC Old Boys 1-1 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. [Nov 8] Etoile Carouge 2-0 FC Aarau BSC Old Boys 1-2 Blue Stars Zürich Grasshopper-Club 4-1 FC Biel-Bienne [Nov 15] FC Biel-Bienne 1-1 FC Aarau BSC Young Boys 1-1 BSC Old Boys Blue Stars Zürich 0-1 Grasshopper-Club [Nov 22] Servette Genève 0-4 Grasshopper-Club BSC Young Boys 3-1 Blue Stars Zürich BSC Old Boys 0-2 FC Biel-Bienne FC Aarau 2-4 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. [Nov 29] Etoile Carouge 3-3 BSC Old Boys [Dec 6] Etoile Carouge 5-2 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. [Dec 20] BSC Old Boys 0-2 Servette Genève [annuled; awd 3-0](*) FC Biel-Bienne 2-1 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. Grasshopper-Club 2-2 BSC Young Boys [Dec 27] Servette Genève 2-0 BSC Young Boys [annuled; awd 0-3](*) Blue Stars Zürich 1-3 FC Biel-Bienne [Jan 10] Grasshopper-Club 1-0 Etoile-Carouge Blue Stars Zürich 3-1 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. Servette Genève 5-2 BSC Old Boys [annuled; awd 0-3](*) (*) Two players of Servette was not qualified (Karl Rappan and Frank Rier) [Jan 17] Etoile Carouge 1-3 FC Biel-Bienne BSC Old Boys 0-2 BSC Young Boys FC Aarau 0-8 Grasshopper-Club [Jan 24] Blue Stars Zürich 5-0 BSC Old Boys Grasshopper-Club 9-0 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. FC Aarau 2-2 FC Biel-Bienne [Jan 31] Servette Genève 0-2 Etoile La Chaux-de-F. BSC Young Boys 3-1 FC Aarau FC Biel-Bienne 0-4 Grasshopper-Club [Feb 21] Servette Genève 2-0 Blue Stars Zürich BSC Young Boys 1-5 Grasshopper-Club [Feb 28] FC Biel-Bienne 0-2 Servette Genève FC Aarau 2-1 Etoile Carouge [March 6] BSC Old Boys 2-2 Etoile Carouge [March 13] Servette Genève 3-1 Etoile Carouge FC Biel-Bienne 5-2 BSC Old Boys [March 20] BSC Old Boys 0-0 FC Aarau Blue Stars Zürich 2-0 BSC Young Boys [March 27] Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 1-4 BSC Young Boys [April 3] BSC Young Boys 4-1 Servette Genève FC Biel-Bienne 0-0 Blue Stars Zürich [April 10] Grasshopper-Club 5-1 Servette Genève FC Aarau 3-2 BSC Young Boys [April 17] FC Aarau 2-1 Blue Stars Zürich [April 24] BSC Old Boys 1-2 Grasshopper-Club Etoile Carouge 0-0 BSC Young Boys Blue Stars Zürich 1-1 Servette Genève Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 0-2 FC Biel-Bienne [May 1st] BSC Young Boys 0-0 FC Biel-Bienne Servette Genève 4-1 FC Aarau Grasshopper-Club 3-2 Blue Stars Zürich [May 8] Etoile Carouge 5-3 Blue Stars Zürich Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 2-1 FC Aarau [May 22] Etoile La Chaux-de-F. 1-0 BSC Old Boys Playoff for Relegation [May 29 in Neuchâtel] Servette FC Genève 5-1 Etoile La Chaux-de-Fonds (1) Play-off for Final Round [May 29 in Lausanne] Urania Genève Sport 4-3 FC Biel-Bienne (2) Final Round NB: Lausanne Sports qualified as 1st League champions! (5) [May 29] Grasshoppers-Club 3-1 Urania Genève [8 25 Hitrec, Xam Abegglen; Stalder] [June 5] Lausanne-Sports 1-1 Grasshoppers-Club [55 Gerhold ; 8 Zivkovitch] FC Zürich 3-2 Urania Genève [12 Hummenberger, Boesch, Righetti; Jaeggi (1+1pen)] [June 12] Urania Genève 1-1 Lausanne-Sports [65 Campana ; 41 Gerhold] FC Zürich 1-0 Grasshoppers-Club [6 Hummenberger] [June 26] Lausanne-Sports 4-2 FC Zürich [43 50 Kramer, 47 Rochat, 65 Gerhold; 5 Holenstein, 35 Boesch] 1. Lausanne-Sports (D2) 3 1 2 0 6- 4 4 (4) Champion 2. FC Zürich 3 2 0 1 6- 6 4 (4) 3. Grasshoppers-Club Zürich 3 1 1 1 4- 3 3 4. Urania Genève Sport 3 0 1 2 4- 7 1 (4) Playoff for Title : [July 3 at Neufeld Stadion in Bern] Lausanne Sports 5-2 FC Zürich [35 Gehrold, 52 57 Leonhard, 82 Kramer, 87 Tschirren; 29 Lehmann, 58 Hummenberger] Champion : Lausanne Sports (Team of 1st League!) 1st League Groupe 1 (West) 1. Lausanne-Sports 16 13 0 3 62-23 26 Promoted (5) ------------------------------------------------------ 2. FC Grenchen 16 9 2 5 34-25 20 3. FC Olten 16 9 2 5 36-30 20 4. Racing Lausanne 16 7 4 5 45-36 18 5. FC Solothurn 16 8 1 7 36-34 17 6. Cantonal Neuchâtel 16 7 2 7 39-34 16 ------------------------------------------------------ 7. FC Fribourg 16 3 5 8 23-40 11 Relegated 8. Stade Lausanne 16 5 1 10 30-54 11 Relegated 9. FC Monthey 16 1 3 12 14-43 5 Relegated Groupe 2 (East) 1. Concordia Basel 16 11 2 3 54-23 24 Promoted ------------------------------------------------------ 2. FC Brühl St. Gallen 16 10 2 4 33-16 22 3. FC Locarno 16 10 1 5 43-21 21 4. FC Luzern 16 6 3 7 34-28 15 5. FC Oerlikon ZH 16 7 1 8 31-42 15 6. FC Winterthur 16 6 2 8 26-36 14 ------------------------------------------------------ 7. Black Stars Basel 16 6 1 9 19-36 13 Relegated 8. FC Wohlen 16 5 1 10 23-42 11 Relegated 9. FC Chiasso 16 4 1 11 21-40 9 Relegated Final [May 22 at Neufeld Stadion in Bern] Concordia Basel 2-2 Lausanne Sports [no aet] [40 Laube, 55 Christen; 13 21 Gerhold] Replay [May 29 at Stade de la Pontaise in Lausanne] Lausanne Sports 4-1 Concordia Basel [15 Tshirren, 17 Leonhard, Gerhold, 75 Kramer; 85 Laube] Lausanne Sports and Concordia Basel are promoted in Nationalliga 1932/33. (5) Lausanne Sports is qualified for the final round of the Nationalliga 1931/32. 2.League Group West 1 1. Montreux-Sports 14 10 1 3 21 2. Club Athlétique GE 14 6 3 5 15 3. Jonction GE 14 7 1 6 15 4. Servette FC Genève 2 14 5 4 5 14 5. Stade Nyonnais 14 5 3 6 13 6. Etoile Carouge 2 14 5 2 7 12 7. FC Villeneuve 14 4 4 6 12 8. Forward Morges 14 4 2 8 10 Group West 2 1. Concordia Yverdon 12 9 1 2 19 2. Vevey-Sports 12 7 3 2 17 3. Central Fribourg 12 6 2 4 14 4. FC Renens 12 5 2 5 12 5. CS La Tour-de-Peilz 12 5 2 5 12 6. FC Fribourg 2 12 2 0 10 4 7. Racig Lausanne 2 12 2 0 10 4 Play-off for relegation in 3.L [March 6 in Yverdon] Racig Lausanne 2 5-1 FC Fribourg 2 Final Group Central 1 [April 10 in Bienne] US Bienne-Boujean 0-1 BSC Young Boys 2 Group Central 2.1 1. Young Fellows ZH 2 Group Central 2.2 1. Nordstern Basel 2 14 25 2. FC Basel 2 14 20 3. FC Birsfelden 14 19 4. FC Liestal 14 16 5. SR Delémont 14 14 6. BSC Old Boys 2 14 9 7. FC Allswil 14 8 8. VfR Rasenspiele BS 14 1 Final Group Central 2 [May 1st in Baden] Young Fellows ZH 2 3-1 Nordstern Basel 2 Group East 2 1. FC Bülach 14 36-27 19 2. Sparta-Schaffhausen 14 8 2 4 41-19 18 3. FC St.Gallen 2 13 35-25 16 4. FC Arbon 14 36-27 16 5. SC Brühl St.Gallen 2 13 33-29 15 6. FC Romanshorn 14 32-39 13 7. FC Frauenfeld 14 41-35 11 8. FC Amriswil 14 18-74 2 Promotion 2.L-1.L [March 6 and 13] Concordia Yverdon 1-1 1-3 Montreux-Sports [April 24 and May 1st] FC Birsfelden 0-0 1-4 AC Bellinzona [April 24 and May 1st] SV Seebach ZH 7-1 3-1 FC Bülach Montreux-Sports, AC Bellinzona and SV Seebach ZH are promoted in 1.L Cup 1931/32 1st preliminary round [Aug 30] Richemond-Daillettes FR 0-5 Cercle des Sports Bienne SR Delémont 7-2 Sport Boys Bern FC Tavannes 4-2 FC Thun FC Reconvilier 3-2 FC Liestal White Star Yverdon 3-5 Central Fribourg [aet] FC Renens 3-1 CA Genève Sylva-Sports Le Locle 5-1 Couvet-Sports FC Sierre 5-2 FC Yverdon CS Chênois 1-0 Sainte-Croix-Sports [aet] FC Fleurier 6-3 Montreux-Sports Gloria-Sports Le Locle 4-3 Martigny-Sports Vevey-Sports 4-4 Villeneuve-Sports [aet; Vevey on coin toss] Jonction Genève 3-2 CS La Tour-de-Peilz [aet] FC Le Locle 5-1 Concordia Yverdon Star Sécheron GE 1-13 Forward Morges FC Boudry 1-3 Xamax Neuchâtel FC Chailly/Lausanne 5-1 Olympia-Sports Vevey Stade Nyonnais 3-1 FC Saint-Jean GE [aet] Dopolavoro Genève 11-0 FC Sion AC Bellinzona 15-0 Mendrisio FC Flawil 2-3 SC Balerna FC Amriswil 0-1 Sparta Schaffhausen 2nd preliminary round [Sep 6] Gloria-Sports Le Locle 7-1 FC Chailly/Lausanne FC Sierre 1-4 Forward Morges Dopolavoro Genève 3-5 FC Renens FC Fleurier 6-3 Sylva-Sports Le Locle Vevey-Sports 0-1 Xamax Neuchâtel CS Chênois 2-6 Jonction Genève FC Le Locle 5-1 Stade Nyonnais AC Bellinzona 5-1 FC Wädenswil Sparta Schaffhausen 5-1 FC Bülach FC Balerna 2-1 SC Juventus ZH FC Kruezlingen 0-3 FC Baden Fortuna st.Gallen 4-2 SC Zug FC Altstätten 3-2 Hakoah ZH FC Tössfeld 0-2 FC Buchs SG FC Birsfelden 1-0 Madretsch Biel FC Lengnau 2-3 FC Bözingen CS Bienne 1-0 FC Nidau [Sep 13] Viktoria Bern 4-0 US Fulgor Grenchen [?] FC Allschwil 4-1 FC Langenthal 1st principal round [Oct 4] Sparta Schaffhausen 2-1 Fortuna st.Gallen Grasshopper-Club ZH 6-1 Nordstern Basel AC Bellinzona 3-0 FC Töss FC St.Gallen 2-3 Concordia Basel FC Lenzburg 3-2 Black Stars Basel Kickers Luzern 8-2 FC Altstätten BSC Old Boys Basel 1-0 FC Luzern FC Oerlikon ZH 0-1 FC Chiasso SC Veltheim 1-5 FC Basel FC Birsfelden 0-2 FC Lugano Blue Stars Zürich 8-4 FC Locarno FC Zürich 9-0 FC Allschwil FC Winterthur 3-1 FC Baden Young Fellows ZH 10-0 FC Balerna FC Brühl St.Gallen 8-0 FC Suhr Lausanne-Sports 5-3 FC Grenchen [aet] Forward Morges 1-0 Cercle des Sports Bienne Etoile Sp. Chaux-de-F. 1-2 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds Stade Lausanne 4-1 Xamax Neuchâtel FC Olten 7-1 FC Fleurier Viktoria Bern 2-3 BSC Young Boys Bern FC Fribourg 2-1 Central Fribourg FC Tramelan 5-7 FC Monthey Racing-Club Lausanne 3-2 SR Delémont [aet] FC Biel-Bienne 5-1 Etoile Carouge FC Le Locle 2-0 FC Reconvilier Jonction Genève 1-2 Cantonal-Neuchâtel Gloria-Sports Le Locle 3-0 FC Renens Urania-Genève-Sport 2-0 FC Bern FC Solothurn 1-4 Servette Genève FC Aarau 4-2 FC Bözingen [Oct 11] FC Wohlen 4-2 FC Buchs SG 1/16 [Nov 1st] Sparta Schaffhausen 1-10 Grasshopper-Club Zürich AC Bellinzona 3-0 Concordia Basel FC Lenzburg 0-9 Kickers Luzern BSC Old Boys Basel 4-1 FC Chiasso FC Basel 3-3 FC Lugano [aet] FC Lugano 0-1 FC Basel [Replay Nov 22] Blue Stars Zürich 2-0 FC Zürich FC Winterthur 2-3 Young Fellows Zürich FC Wohlen 1-2 FC Brühl St.Gallen Lausanne-Sports 6-1 Forward Morges FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 17-2 Stade Lausanne FC Olten 0-1 BSC Young Boys FC Fribourg ppd FC Monthey FC Fribourg 3-0 FC Monthey [played Nov 22] Racing-Club Lausanne 2-3 FC Biel-Bienne FC Le Locle 1-3 Cantonal-Neuchâtel Gloria-Sports Le Locle 2-10 Urania-Genève-Sport Servette Genève 4-1 FC Aarau 1/8 [Dec 13] Servette Genève 2-1 Lausanne-Sports [awd 0-3; Forfeit] Two players of Servette was not qualified (Karl Rappan and Frank Rier) Kickers Luzern 0-5 Blue Stars Zürich FC Brühl St.Gallen 1-4 FC Basel Young Fellows Zürich 2-2 AC Bellinzona [aet] AC Bellinzona 0-1 Young Fellows Zürich [Replay Dec 20] Grasshopper-Club ZH 11-1 BSC Old Boys FC Fribourg 0-1 BSC Young Boys FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 2-0 Cantonal Neuchâtel [Jan 10] Urania-Genève-Sport 4-3 FC Biel-Bienne [aet] 1/4 [Feb 7] Grasshopper-Club ZH 3-1 Blue Stars Zürich Urania-Genève-Sport 1-1 Young Fellows Zürich [aet] Young Fellows ZH 2-6 Urania-Genève-Sport [Replay Feb 28] Lausanne-Sports 5-0 BSC Young Boys FC Basel 6-3 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds Semifinals March 13 at Rankhof Stadion in Basel FC Basel 1-8 Grasshopper-Club Zürich March 13 at Neufeld Stadion in Bern Lausanne-Sports 1-2 Urania-Genève-Sport Final April 3 at Hardturm Stadion in Zürich Grasshopper-Club Zürich 5-1 Urania Genève Sport [10 Xam Abegglen, 13 66 Hitrec, 65 Zivkovic, 86pen Trello Abegglen; 52 Syrvet]
Prepared and maintained by Erik Garin and Peter Kungler for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Authors:
Erik Garin
(garinerik@hispeed.ch)
and Peter Kungler
Last updated: 14 Dec 2017
(C) Copyright Erik Garin, Peter Kungler and RSSSF 2005/17
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the authors. All rights reserved.