Final Table:
1.Bo Rangers 34 17 13 4 39-20 64 Champions
2.Star Sport Academy 34 16 13 5 45-22 61
3.Bai Bureh Warriors 34 14 15 5 40-20 57
4.East End Lions 34 13 14 7 52-36 53 [C]
5.Old Edwardians 34 13 14 7 39-23 53
6.Ports Authority 34 12 13 9 35-30 49
7.Kamboi Eagles 34 13 6 15 34-38 45
8.Bhantal 34 9 16 9 40-29 43
9.Wilberforce Strikers 34 9 16 9 27-30 43
10.FC Kallon 34 12 7 15 38-52 43
11.Diamond Stars 34 11 9 14 34-39 42
12.Bullom Stars 34 12 6 16 30-44 42
13.Mighty Blackpool 34 10 11 13 28-37 41
14.Wusum Stars 34 11 8 15 24-36 41
-----------------------------------------------
15.Abacha City 34 9 12 13 31-38 39 Relegated
16.Freetonians SLIFA 34 9 11 14 36-41 38 Relegated
17.Luawa 34 8 9 17 22-42 33 Relegated
18.Freetown City 34 6 11 17 30-47 29 Relegated
Round 1
[Nov 8]
Ports Authority 0-0 Luawa
Bhantal 0-0 Bullom Stars
Bo Rangers 3-0 Kamboi Eagles
Bai Bureh Warriors 1-1 Abacha City
[Nov 9]
FC Kallon 3-1 Mighty Blackpool
Old Edwardians 0-0 Diamond Stars
[Nov 10]
Star Sport Academy 1-1 Freetonians SLIFA
Wilberforce Strikers 2-0 Wusum Stars
[Nov 11]
East End Lions 2-2 Freetown City
Round 2
[Nov 14]
Abacha City 0-1 Old Edwardians
[Nov 15]
Freetown City 1-1 Luawa
Freetonians SLIFA 1-3 Wilberforce Strikers
Kamboi Eagles 0-2 FC Kallon
[Nov 16]
Bullom Stars 1-0 Bo Rangers
Mighty Blackpool 0-2 Bai Bureh Warriors
Diamond Stars 1-2 Star Sport Academy
Wusum Stars 1-0 Ports Authority
[Nov 17]
East End Lions 1-1 Bhantal
Round 3
[Nov 21]
Bhantal 3-0 Freetown City
[Nov 22]
Star Sport Academy 0-0 Abacha City
FC Kallon 2-0 Bullom Stars
Bai Bureh Warriors 2-0 Kamboi Eagles
[Nov 23]
Bo Rangers 3-2 East End Lions
Old Edwardians 1-0 Mighty Blackpool
Ports Authority 3-0 Freetonians SLIFA
[Nov 24]
Wilberforce Strikers 3-1 Diamond Stars
Luawa 0-0 Wusum Stars
Round 4
[Nov 26]
Mighty Blackpool 0-2 Star Sport Academy
[Nov 28]
Bullom Stars 0-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Nov 29]
Kamboi Eagles 2-0 Old Edwardians
Abacha City 1-0 Wilberforce Strikers
Freetonians SLIFA 3-1 Luawa
[Nov 30]
Diamond Stars 2-2 Ports Authority
Bhantal 0-0 Bo Rangers
[Dec 1]
East End Lions 0-1 FC Kallon
[Dec 2]
Freetown City 2-0 Wusum Stars
Round 5
[Dec 5]
Ports Authority 1-0 Abacha City
[Dec 6]
Luawa 1-2 Diamond Stars
Wilberforce Strikers 0-1 Mighty Blackpool
Bai Bureh Warriors 1-0 East End Lions
[Dec 7]
Bo Rangers 1-0 Freetown City
FC Kallon 2-2 Bhantal
Wusum Stars 1-0 Freetonians SLIFA
Star Sport Academy 1-0 Kamboi Eagles
[Dec 8]
Old Edwardians 0-0 Bullom Stars
Round 6
[Dec 10]
Freetown City 1-2 Freetonians SLIFA
[Dec 12]
Bhantal 1-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Dec 13]
Bo Rangers 1-1 FC Kallon
Abacha City 0-2 Luawa
Mighty Blackpool 1-3 Ports Authority
[Dec 14]
Kamboi Eagles 2-1 Wilberforce Strikers
Diamond Stars 0-1 Wusum Stars
Bullom Stars 2-5 Star Sport Academy
[Dec 15]
East End Lions 2-1 Old Edwardians
Round 7
[Dec 19]
Ports Authority 1-2 Kamboi Eagles
Wilberforce Strikers 0-1 Bullom Stars
[Dec 20]
Luawa 0-1 Mighty Blackpool
Star Sport Academy 0-0 East End Lions
Bai Bureh Warriors 0-0 Bo Rangers
[Dec 21]
Old Edwardians 1-1 Bhantal
FC Kallon 1-3 Freetown City
Wusum Stars 1-2 Abacha City
[Dec 22]
Freetonians SLIFA 1-0 Diamond Stars
Round 8
[Dec 24]
Bullom Stars 0-1 Ports Authority
[Dec 26]
FC Kallon 0-2 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Dec 27]
Abacha City 1-4 Freetonians SLIFA
Mighty Blackpool 1-1 Wusum Stars
Bo Rangers 0-0 Old Edwardians
Kamboi Eagles 1-1 Luawa
[Dec 28]
Bhantal 1-2 Star Sport Academy
[Dec 29]
East End Lions 1-1 Wilberforce Strikers
[Dec 30]
Freetown City 3-2 Diamond Stars
Round 9
[Jan 2]
Luawa 0-3 Bullom Stars
Wilberforce Strikers 0-2 Bhantal
[Jan 3]
Ports Authority 0-0 East End Lions
Old Edwardians 0-0 FC Kallon
Bai Bureh Warriors 2-2 Freetown City
[Jan 4]
Star Sport Academy 1-1 Bo Rangers
Freetonians SLIFA 1-1 Mighty Blackpool
Wusum Stars 1-0 Kamboi Eagles
Diamond Stars 2-0 Abacha City
Round 10
[Jan 9]
Freetown City 1-1 Abacha City
[Jan 10]
Mighty Blackpool 0-0 Diamond Stars
Bhantal 0-0 Ports Authority
Kamboi Eagles 2-0 Freetonians SLIFA
Bo Rangers 0-0 Wilberforce Strikers
[Jan 11]
FC Kallon 0-2 Star Sport Academy
Bai Bureh Warriors 0-0 Old Edwardians
[Jan 12]
Bullom Stars 1-0 Wusum Stars
[Jan 13]
East End Lions 4-1 Luawa
Round 11
[Jan 15]
Old Edwardians 3-0 Freetown City
[Jan 16]
Star Sport Academy 1-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Jan 17]
Wilberforce Strikers 0-0 FC Kallon
Ports Authority 0-0 Bo Rangers
[Jan 18]
Luawa 1-0 Bhantal
Wusum Stars 2-1 East End Lions
Diamond Stars 1-0 Kamboi Eagles
Freetonians SLIFA 0-0 Bullom Stars
[Jan 19]
Abacha City 0-0 Mighty Blackpool
Round 12
[Jan 21]
FC Kallon 3-0 Ports Authority
[Jan 24]
Old Edwardians 2-0 Star Sport Academy
Freetown City 1-1 Mighty Blackpool
Bo Rangers 1-0 Luawa
Kamboi Eagles 1-0 Abacha City
[Jan 25]
Bhantal 4-0 Wusum Stars
Bai Bureh Warriors 3-0 Wilberforce Strikers
[Jan 26]
Bullom Stars 1-0 Diamond Stars
[Jan 27]
East End Lions 2-2 Freetonians SLIFA
Round 13
[Jan 30]
Abacha City 1-1 Bullom Stars
Star Sport Academy 0-0 Freetown City
[Jan 31]
Wilberforce Strikers 0-3 Old Edwardians
Luawa 1-1 FC Kallon
[Feb 1]
Wusum Stars 0-0 Bo Rangers
Freetonians SLIFA 2-2 Bhantal
Diamond Stars 1-1 East End Lions
Mighty Blackpool 3-1 Kamboi Eagles
[Feb 2]
Ports Authority 1-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
Round 14
[Feb 4]
East End Lions 0-1 Abacha City
[Feb 6]
Old Edwardians 1-2 Ports Authority
FC Kallon 0-0 Wusum Stars
[Feb 7]
Freetown City 1-1 Kamboi Eagles
Bo Rangers 1-0 Freetonians SLIFA
[Feb 8]
Bhantal 3-0 Diamond Stars
Bai Bureh Warriors 0-0 Luawa
Star Sport Academy 0-0 Wilberforce Strikers
[Feb 9]
Bullom Stars 0-2 Mighty Blackpool
Round 15
[Feb 11]
Abacha City 2-2 Bhantal
Wilberforce Strikers 1-0 Freetown City
[Feb 13]
Ports Authority 0-1 Star Sport Academy
[Feb 14]
Luawa 0-2 Old Edwardians
Wusum Stars 1-0 Bai Bureh Warriors
Freetonians SLIFA 1-3 FC Kallon
[Feb 15]
Diamond Stars 2-2 Bo Rangers
Mighty Blackpool 0-2 East End Lions
Kamboi Eagles 4-1 Bullom Stars
Round 16
[Feb 20]
FC Kallon 3-0 Diamond Stars
Star Sport Academy 0-0 Luawa
[Feb 21]
Freetown City 1-2 Bullom Stars
Old Edwardians 3-1 Wusum Stars
Bai Bureh Warriors 2-1 Freetonians SLIFA
Bo Rangers 4-3 Abacha City
[Feb 22]
Bhantal 1-1 Mighty Blackpool
Wilberforce Strikers 2-2 Ports Authority
[Feb 23]
East End Lions 2-1 Kamboi Eagles
Round 17
[Feb 27]
Ports Authority 2-2 Freetown City
[Feb 28]
Freetonians SLIFA 0-0 Old Edwardians
Luawa 1-1 Wilberforce Strikers
Kamboi Eagles 0-3 Bhantal
[Mar 1]
Diamond Stars 2-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
Wusum Stars 0-2 Star Sport Academy
Bullom Stars 0-0 East End Lions
Mighty Blackpool 1-2 Bo Rangers
[Mar 2]
Abacha City 0-1 FC Kallon
Halfway Table:
1.Star Sport Academy 17 8 8 1 20- 9 32
2.FC Kallon 17 8 6 3 23-13 30
3.Bo Rangers 17 7 9 1 19-11 30
4.Bai Bureh Warriors 17 7 8 2 20-10 29
5.Old Edwardians 17 7 7 3 18- 8 28
6.Bhantal 17 5 10 2 26-13 25
7.Ports Authority 17 5 8 4 18-16 23
8.Bullom Stars 17 6 5 6 13-17 23
9.Wusum Stars 17 6 4 7 10-18 22
10.East End Lions 17 4 8 5 20-18 20 [C]
11.Kamboi Eagles 17 6 2 9 17-23 20
12.Freetonians SLIFA 17 4 6 7 19-24 18
13.Wilberforce Strikers 17 4 6 7 14-19 18
14.Mighty Blackpool 17 4 6 7 14-20 18
-----------------------------------------------
15.Freetown City 17 3 8 6 20-25 17
16.Diamond Stars 17 4 5 8 16-24 17
17.Abacha City 17 3 6 8 13-22 15
18.Luawa 17 2 8 7 10-20 14
Round 18
[Mar 5]
Luawa 1-3 Ports Authority
[Mar 6]
Abacha City 0-0 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Mar 7]
Freetown City 0-2 East End Lions
Mighty Blackpool 2-1 FC Kallon
[Mar 8]
Diamond Stars 0-1 Old Edwardians
Wusum Stars 1-1 Wilberforce Strikers
Bullom Stars 0-3 Bhantal
Freetonians SLIFA 0-1 Star Sport Academy
Kamboi Eagles 0-1 Bo Rangers
Round 19
[Mar 11]
Wilberforce Strikers 2-1 Freetonians SLIFA
[Mar 12]
Old Edwardians 0-1 Abacha City
[Mar 13]
Ports Authority 2-0 Wusum Stars
[Mar 14]
Bhantal 3-3 East End Lions
Bai Bureh Warriors 1-1 Mighty Blackpool
Luawa 0-1 Freetown City
[Mar 15]
FC Kallon 3-2 Kamboi Eagles
Star Sport Academy 2-0 Diamond Stars
Bo Rangers 3-1 Bullom Stars
Round 20
[Mar 18]
Mighty Blackpool 0-2 Old Edwardians
Freetown City 0-1 Bhantal
Kamboi Eagles 0-0 Bai Bureh Warriors
Diamond Stars 1-1 Wilberforce Strikers
Wusum Stars 1-2 Luawa
[Mar 19]
Abacha City 0-4 Star Sport Academy
Freetonians SLIFA 1-1 Ports Authority
[Mar 20]
Bullom Stars 1-2 FC Kallon
[Mar 21]
East End Lions 0-0 Bo Rangers
Round 21
[Mar 23]
Star Sport Academy 0-1 Mighty Blackpool
Ports Authority 1-0 Diamond Stars
Bai Bureh Warriors 3-0 Bullom Stars
Wusum Stars 1-0 Freetown City
[Mar 24]
FC Kallon 2-3 East End Lions
Bo Rangers 1-0 Bhantal
Old Edwardians 0-0 Kamboi Eagles
[Mar 25]
Luawa 1-0 Freetonians SLIFA
Wilberforce Strikers 1-1 Abacha City
Round 22
[Mar 27]
Bhantal 1-0 FC Kallon
Bullom Stars 1-2 Old Edwardians
[Mar 28]
Freetown City 1-3 Bo Rangers
Mighty Blackpool 2-0 Wilberforce Strikers
Kamboi Eagles 2-0 Star Sport Academy
[Mar 29]
Diamond Stars 1-0 Luawa
Freetonians SLIFA 1-0 Wusum Stars
East End Lions 1-0 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Mar 30]
Abacha City 0-0 Ports Authority
Round 23
[Mar 31]
Star Sport Academy 3-1 Bullom Stars
[Apr 1]
Freetonians SLIFA 2-1 Freetown City
[Apr 2]
Wilberforce Strikers 1-0 Kamboi Eagles
[Apr 3]
Ports Authority 0-1 Mighty Blackpool
[Apr 4]
Bai Bureh Warriors 1-1 Bhantal
Luawa 1-0 Abacha City
Old Edwardians 2-1 East End Lions
Wusum Stars 1-0 Diamond Stars
[Apr 5]
FC Kallon 0-3 Bo Rangers
Round 24
[Apr 12]
East End Lions 1-1 Star Sport Academy
Bo Rangers 1-0 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Apr 13]
Freetown City 3-0 FC Kallon
[Apr 14]
Abacha City 1-0 Wusum Stars
[Apr 29]
Bullom Stars 1-2 Wilberforce Strikers
Mighty Blackpool 0-1 Luawa
Kamboi Eagles 1-0 Ports Authority
Diamond Stars 1-1 Freetonians SLIFA
[May 5]
Bhantal 0-0 Old Edwardians
Round 25
[Apr 23]
Old Edwardians 1-1 Bo Rangers
[Apr 24]
Luawa 0-1 Kamboi Eagles
[Apr 25]
Freetonians SLIFA 2-0 Abacha City
Bai Bureh Warriors 2-1 FC Kallon
Wusum Stars 1-1 Mighty Blackpool
[Apr 26]
Ports Authority 2-1 Bullom Stars
Wilberforce Strikers 0-0 East End Lions
Diamond Stars 0-0 Freetown City
[Apr 27]
Star Sport Academy 0-0 Bhantal
Round 26
[May 6]
Bullom Stars 2-1 Luawa
[May 7]
Freetown City 1-5 Bai Bureh Warriors
[May 9]
Bhantal 0-0 Wilberforce Strikers
East End Lions 0-0 Ports Authority
[May 10]
Abacha City 0-0 Diamond Stars
Bo Rangers 2-1 Star Sport Academy
Kamboi Eagles 2-1 Wusum Stars
Mighty Blackpool 0-0 Freetonians SLIFA
[Jun 3]
FC Kallon 3-2 Old Edwardians
Round 27
[May 18]
Old Edwardians 1-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
[May 19]
Wilberforce Strikers 0-0 Bo Rangers
Ports Authority 2-1 Bhantal
[May 20]
Star Sport Academy 1-1 FC Kallon
Abacha City 2-0 Freetown City
Diamond Stars 1-0 Mighty Blackpool
[May 21]
Luawa 0-2 East End Lions
Freetonians SLIFA 1-1 Kamboi Eagles
Wusum Stars abd Bullom Stars [abandoned at 0-1 at half-time due to torrential rain]
[May 22]
Wusum Stars 0-1 Bullom Stars [second half]
Round 28
[May 23]
Freetown City 0-1 Old Edwardians
[May 24]
Bo Rangers 2-0 Ports Authority
Bai Bureh Warriors 1-0 Star Sport Academy
East End Lions 3-2 Wusum Stars
Kamboi Eagles 2-1 Diamond Stars
Bhantal 0-1 Luawa
[May 25]
FC Kallon 0-1 Wilberforce Strikers
Mighty Blackpool 2-0 Abacha City
[May 26]
Bullom Stars 3-1 Freetonians SLIFA
Round 29
[May 27]
Wusum Stars 2-1 Bhantal
Star Sport Academy 1-1 Old Edwardians
[May 28]
Abacha City 2-2 Kamboi Eagles
[May 29]
Freetonians SLIFA 1-2 East End Lions
Luawa 0-0 Bo Rangers
[May 31]
Diamond Stars 1-0 Bullom Stars
Ports Authority 2-0 FC Kallon
Wilberforce Strikers 0-0 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Jun 1]
Mighty Blackpool 1-2 Freetown City
NB: round 30 played after round 31
Round 31
[Jun 12]
Mighty Blackpool 2-2 Bullom Stars
Ports Authority 2-1 Old Edwardians
[Jun 13]
Abacha City 2-2 East End Lions
Diamond Stars 1-0 Bhantal
Kamboi Eagles 1-0 Freetown City
Freetonians SLIFA 1-2 Bo Rangers
Wusum Stars 0-1 FC Kallon
[Jun 14]
Luawa 0-1 Bai Bureh Warriors
Wilberforce Strikers 0-1 Star Sport Academy
Round 30
[Jun 16]
Bullom Stars 1-0 Abacha City
[Jun 17]
Bai Bureh Warriors 1-0 Ports Authority
Bo Rangers 0-1 Wusum Stars
Freetown City 1-2 Star Sport Academy
Old Edwardians 2-2 Wilberforce Strikers
[Jun 18]
Bhantal 0-2 Freetonians SLIFA
[Jun 19]
FC Kallon 1-4 Luawa
[Jun 24]
East End Lions 3-4 Diamond Stars
Kamboi Eagles 1-0 Mighty Blackpool
Round 32
[Jun 25]
Old Edwardians 4-0 Luawa
FC Kallon 0-3 Freetonians SLIFA
[Jun 26]
Freetown City 0-0 Wilberforce Strikers
Star Sport Academy 3-1 Ports Authority
[Jun 27]
Bullom Stars 1-0 Kamboi Eagles
Bhantal 1-2 Abacha City
Bai Bureh Warriors 0-0 Wusum Stars
[Jun 28]
Bo Rangers 1-0 Diamond Stars
East End Lions 5-0 Mighty Blackpool
Round 33
[Jul 6]
Ports Authority 1-1 Wilberforce Strikers
Kamboi Eagles 1-2 East End Lions
Mighty Blackpool 0-0 Bhantal
Diamond Stars 4-0 FC Kallon
Wusum Stars 2-1 Old Edwardians
[Jul 7]
Bullom Stars 1-0 Freetown City
Freetonians SLIFA 0-2 Bai Bureh Warriors
[Jul 8]
Luawa 0-4 Star Sport Academy
[Jul 9]
Abacha City 2-0 Bo Rangers
Round 34
[Jul 15]
Freetown City 0-0 Ports Authority
[Jul 16]
Wilberforce Strikers 1-0 Luawa
East End Lions 2-0 Bullom Stars
[Jul 17]
Bhantal 2-1 Kamboi Eagles
[Jul 18]
Star Sport Academy 1-1 Wusum Stars
Bai Bureh Warriors 2-3 Diamond Stars
FC Kallon 0-5 Abacha City
Old Edwardians 0-0 Freetonians SLIFA
Bo Rangers 0-1 Mighty Blackpool
NB: after securing the title in round 32, Bo Rangers lost their last two matches, both
against relegation candidates, thus doubling their number of defeats all season;
FC Kallon lost their last four matches, in rounds 31 to 34, all against relegation
candidates and three of them at home, with an aggregate score of 1-16; three of
their opponents (exactly those Kallon hosted) were relegated nevertheless.
Final Table:
1.Bo Rangers 34 17 13 4 39-20 64 Champions
2.Star Sport Academy 34 16 13 5 45-22 61
3.Bai Bureh Warriors 34 14 15 5 40-20 57
4.East End Lions 34 13 14 7 52-36 53 [C]
5.Old Edwardians 34 13 14 7 39-23 53
6.Ports Authority 34 12 13 9 35-30 49
7.Kamboi Eagles 34 13 6 15 34-38 45
8.Bhantal 34 9 16 9 40-29 43
9.Wilberforce Strikers 34 9 16 9 27-30 43
10.FC Kallon 34 12 7 15 38-52 43
11.Diamond Stars 34 11 9 14 34-39 42
12.Bullom Stars 34 12 6 16 30-44 42
13.Mighty Blackpool 34 10 11 13 28-37 41
14.Wusum Stars 34 11 8 15 24-36 41
-----------------------------------------------
15.Abacha City 34 9 12 13 31-38 39 Relegated
16.Freetonians SLIFA 34 9 11 14 36-41 38 Relegated
17.Luawa 34 8 9 17 22-42 33 Relegated
18.Freetown City 34 6 11 17 30-47 29 Relegated
Promoted: Western United and Waterloo FC
1/8 Finals [Apr 18] FC Kallon 4-0 Ram Kamara (Bo) Bo Rangers 1-1 Bhantal [4-2 pen] Bai Bureh Warriors 0-2 Star Sport Academy Old Edwardians 1-0 Bullom Stars [Apr 19] East End Lions 2-1 Diamond Stars Mighty Blackpool 4-1 Marampa Stars Kabala City 0-1 Abacha City [Apr 20] Ports Authority 1-1 Freetown City [3-4 pen] Quarterfinals [May 2] FC Kallon 0-0 Bo Rangers [7-6 pen] Old Edwardians 1-1 Abacha City [2-3 pen] [May 3] Freetown City 1-1 Mighty Blackpool [1-4 pen] Star Sport Academy 1-2 East End Lions [abandoned at 1-2 in 86'; result stood] Semifinals [May 16] Mighty Blackpool 0-0 Abacha City [4-3 pen] [May 17] FC Kallon 0-1 East End Lions Final [Jun 20, Southern Arena, Bo City] Mighty Blackpool 0-1 East End Lions [Alusine Dumbuya 70]
Ernest Bai Koroma Trophy 2025 NB: aka Northern Champions League; 16th edition Group Stage Known results: Bombali Sebora FC bt Coach Bobor FC Hardith Strikers 1-1 Golden Dragons FC Kabala City 2-1 Gbindi Zonal Semifinals [Dec 2] Sahid Konteh-U FC 1-0 Ocean Boys FC Bombali Sebora FC 1-0 Urban Stars FC Quarterfinals First Legs Hardith Strikers 2-0 Sahid Konteh-U FC Kabala City (Koinadugu) 3-0 Golden Dragons FC Sanda Loko FC 1-1 Bombali Sebora FC Sella Stars FC 2-0 Marampa Stars Second Legs Sahid Konteh-U FC 2-0 Hardith Strikers [4-2 pen] Golden Dragons FC 1-0 Kabala City (Koinadugu) Marampa Stars 1-0 Sella Stars FC Bombali Sebora FC 6-1 Sanda Loko FC Semifinals [Dec 19] Sahid Konteh-U FC 0-1 Bombali Sebora FC [Dec 20] Sella Stars FC 3-2 Kabala City (Koinadugu) Final [Dec 25, Wusum stadium, Makeni] Bombali Sebora FC 1-0 Sella Stars FC [Abdulai Bah 11]
Thanks to Hans Schöggl
Prepared and maintained by Karel Stokkermans for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Karel Stokkermans
Last updated: 18 Jul 2026
(C) Copyright Karel Stokkermans and RSSSF 2025/26
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.