NATIONAL STUDENTS FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2025
======================================
IGOR GAMULA SUPER LEAGUE
------------------------
Participants:
CFU Crimean Federal University [Simferópoľ]
CSU Chechnya State University [Gróznyj]
DSTU Don State Technical University [Rostóv-na-Donú]
KubSAU Kuban State Agrarian University [Krasnodár]
KubSU Kuban State University [Krasnodár]
MCPU Moscow City Pedagogical University
MSU Mordovian State University [Saránsk]
OrjolSU Orjól State University
RSUPESYT Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth & Tourism [Moskvá]
SFU Southern Federal University [Rostóv-na-Donú]
SPSUITD Sankt-Peterbúrg State University of Industrial Technology & Design
SSU Sarátov State University
SSUS Smolénsk State University of Sport
TSU Tambóv State University
VRIM Volga Region Institute of Management [Sarátov]
VRSUPCST Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism [Kazáń]
Round 1
[Mar 19]
SFU Rostov-na-Donu 0-5 KubSAU Krasnodar
[H.Ćyć 8, 38; A.Bibik 35, 39; M.Suhodol 79]
KubSU Krasnodar 4-2 SSUS Smolensk
[A.Zaharov 19 pen, 50; Ja.Matjuhin 27; D.Kostyrin 30 - A.Kornilov 3; O.Išimcev 10 pen]
[Mar 20]
SFU Rostov-na-Donu 1-3 SSUS Smolensk
[I.Volkov 43 - N.Konstantinov 28; D.Konovalov 47; V.Sokolov 50]
KubSU Krasnodar 2-2 KubSAU Krasnodar
[D.Kostyrin 27; A.Maloletov 40 - H.Ćyć 14; A.Bibik 75]
[Mar 21]
KubSAU Krasnodar 1-5 SSUS Smolensk
[G.Morozov 73 - S.Šuneljov 8; V.Sokolov 15, 33; A.Kornilov 48; V.Kovaljov 69]
KubSU Krasnodar 2-1 SFU Rostov-na-Donu
[D.Kostyrin 56; A.Zaharov 75 pen - I.Volkov 57]
Table:
1.KubSU Krasnodar 3 2 1 0 8- 5 7 [C]
2.SSUS Smolensk 3 2 0 1 10- 6 6
3.KubSAU Krasnodar 3 1 1 1 8- 7 4
4.CSU Groznyj 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
5.SPSUITD St.Peterburg 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
6.DSTU Rostov-na-Donu 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
7.CFU Simferopoľ 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
8.RSUPESYT Moskva 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
9.VRIM Saratov 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
10.MSU Saransk 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
11.OrjolSU Orjol 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
12.VRSUPCST Kazań 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
13.MCPU Moskva 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
14.SSU Saratov 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
------------------------------------------------
15.TSU Tambov 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
16.SFU Rostov-na-Donu 3 0 0 3 2-10 0
Top scorers:
1.Alexándr Bíbik (KubSAU Krasnodar) 3
Hāzrat Ćyć (KubSAU Krasnodar) 3
Daniíl Kostýrin (KubSU Krasnodar) 3
Vladisláv Sokolóv (SSUS Smolensk) 3
Antón Zahárov (KubSU Krasnodar) 3
6.Artjóm Kornílov (SSUS Smolensk) 2
Ígor Volkóv (SFU Rostov-na-Donu) 2
Round 2
[Apr 19]
SPSUITD St.Peterburg - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
SSU Saratov - MSU Saransk
[Apr 20]
MSU Saransk - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
SSU Saratov - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
[Apr 21]
MSU Saransk - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
SSU Saratov - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
Round 3
[Apr 23]
OrjolSU Orjol - VRIM Saratov
TSU Tambov - RSUPESYT Moskva
[Apr 24]
TSU Tambov - VRIM Saratov
RSUPESYT Moskva - OrjolSU Orjol
[Apr 25]
RSUPESYT Moskva - VRIM Saratov
TSU Tambov - OrjolSU Orjol
Round 4
[May 1]
MCPU Moskva - VRSUPCST Kazan
CSU Groznyj - CFU Simferopol
[May 2]
MCPU Moskva - CFU Simferopol
VRSUPCST Kazan - CSU Groznyj
[May 3]
MCPU Moskva - CSU Groznyj
VRSUPCST Kazan - CFU Simferopol
Round 5
[May 28]
SSU Saratov - MCPU Moskva
RSUPESYT Moskva - KubSU Krasnodar
[May 29]
KubSU Krasnodar - SSU Saratov
RSUPESYT Moskva - MCPU Moskva
[May 30]
KubSU Krasnodar - MCPU Moskva
RSUPESYT Moskva - SSU Saratov
Round 6
[Jun 1]
TSU Tambov - VRSUPCST Kazan
MSU Saransk - SSUS Smolensk
[Jun 2]
SSUS Smolensk - TSU Tambov
MSU Saransk - VRSUPCST Kazan
[Jun 3]
SSUS Smolensk - VRSUPCST Kazan
MSU Saransk - TSU Tambov
Round 7
[Jun 2]
SPSUITD St.Peterburg - CSU Groznyj
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - OrjolSU Orjol
[Jun 3]
OrjolSU Orjol - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - CSU Groznyj
[Jun 4]
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
OrjolSU Orjol - CSU Groznyj
Round 8
[Jun 6]
DSTU Rostov-na-Donu - CFU Simferopol
KubSAU Krasnodar - VRIM Saratov
[Jun 7]
KubSAU Krasnodar - CFU Simferopol
VRIM Saratov - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
[Jun 8]
VRIM Saratov - CFU Simferopol
KubSAU Krasnodar - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
Round 9
[Sep 13]
OrjolSU Orjol - KubSAU Krasnodar
MCPU Moskva - MSU Saransk
[Sep 14]
KubSAU Krasnodar - MSU Saransk
OrjolSU Orjol - MCPU Moskva
[Sep 15]
OrjolSU Orjol - MSU Saransk
KubSAU Krasnodar - MCPU Moskva
Round 10
[Sep 23]
SPSUITD St.Peterburg - KubSU Krasnodar
TSU Tambov - CFU Simferopol
SSU Saratov - VRSUPCST Kazan
VRIM Saratov - SFU Rostov-na-Donu
[Sep 24]
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - SSU Saratov
SPSUITD St.Peterburg - CFU Simferopol
KubSU Krasnodar - TSU Tambov
VRIM Saratov - VRSUPCST Kazan
[Sep 25]
KubSU Krasnodar - CFU Simferopol
VRIM Saratov - SSU Saratov
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - VRSUPCST Kazan
SPSUITD St.Peterburg - TSU Tambov
Round 11
[Sep 29]
DSTU Rostov-na-Donu - CSU Groznyj
SSUS Smolensk - RSUPESYT Moskva
[Sep 30]
RSUPESYT Moskva - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
SSUS Smolensk - CSU Groznyj
[Oct 1]
SSUS Smolensk - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
RSUPESYT Moskva - CSU Groznyj
Round 12
[Oct 16]
CFU Simferopol - SSUS Smolensk
OrjolSU Orjol - SSU Saratov
[Oct 17]
SSUS Smolensk - OrjolSU Orjol
CFU Simferopol - SSU Saratov
[Oct 18]
CFU Simferopol - OrjolSU Orjol
SSUS Smolensk - SSU Saratov
Round 13
[Oct 19]
VRSUPCST Kazan - KubSAU Krasnodar
RSUPESYT Moskva - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
[Oct 20]
KubSAU Krasnodar - RSUPESYT Moskva
VRSUPCST Kazan - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
[Oct 21]
VRSUPCST Kazan - RSUPESYT Moskva
KubSAU Krasnodar - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
Round 14
[Oct 20]
CSU Groznyj - KubSU Krasnodar
VRIM Saratov - MSU Saransk
[Oct 21]
KubSU Krasnodar - VRIM Saratov
CSU Groznyj - MSU Saransk
[Oct 22]
CSU Groznyj - VRIM Saratov
KubSU Krasnodar - MSU Saransk
Round 15
[Oct 27]
TSU Tambov - MCPU Moskva
DSTU Rostov-na-Donu - SFU Rostov-na-Donu
[Oct 28]
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - TSU Tambov
DSTU Rostov-na-Donu - MCPU Moskva
[Oct 29]
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - MCPU Moskva
DSTU Rostov-na-Donu - TSU Tambov
Round 13
[Nov 6]
KubSAU Krasnodar - TSU Tambov
[Dec 6]
SSU Saratov - CSU Groznyj
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - RSUPESYT Moskva
SPSUITD St.Peterburg - MCPU Moskva
SSUS Smolensk - VRIM Saratov
MSU Saransk - CFU Simferopol
KubSU Krasnodar - OrjolSU Orjol
DSTU Rostov-na-Donu - VRSUPCST Kazan
Round 14 [Dec 7]
OrjolSU Orjol - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
RSUPESYT Moskva - MSU Saransk
VRIM Saratov - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
TSU Tambov - SSU Saratov
SSUS Smolensk - MCPU Moskva
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - CFU Simferopol
KubSAU Krasnodar - CSU Groznyj
KubSU Krasnodar - VRSUPCST Kazan
Round 15 [Dec 8]
TSU Tambov - CSU Groznyj
OrjolSU Orjol - VRSUPCST Kazan
KubSAU Krasnodar - SSU Saratov
VRIM Saratov - MCPU Moskva
RSUPESYT Moskva - CFU Simferopol
SFU Rostov-na-Donu - MSU Saransk
SSUS Smolensk - SPSUITD St.Peterburg
KubSU Krasnodar - DSTU Rostov-na-Donu
CLASS A
-------
Participants:
ASU Ástrahań State University
BSTU Bélgorod State Technological University
DonSTI Donbáss State Technical Institute [Alčévsk]
DSTU Dagestán State Technical University [Mahačkalá]
KBSU Kabardino-Balkarian State University [Náľčik]
LSU Lugánsk State University
MPEI Moscow Power Engineering Institute
NCFU North Caucasian Federal University [Stávropoľ]
RUE Russian University of Economics [Moskvá]
SevSU Sevastópoľ State University
SPMU Sankt-Peterbúrg Mining University
SPPU Sankt-Peterbúrg Polytechnic University
SRSPU South Russian State Polytechnic University [Novočerkássk]
Round 1
[Apr 3]
BSTU Belgorod 2-2 LSU Lugansk
[I.Klimov 41; D.Anosov 59 - A.Jerohin 39, 78]
SPMU St.Peterburg 2-2 NCFU Stavropol
[Je.Smirnov 24, 53 - K.Drjopa 75; S.Popov 80]
[Apr 4]
BSTU Belgorod 2-2 NCFU Stavropol
[I.Klimov 39; A.Burykin 80 - S.Altunyan 10; R.Bohov 78]
SPMU St.Peterburg 1-1 LSU Lugansk
[G.Tropičev 43 - V.Sargsyan 80]
[Apr 5]
NCFU Stavropol 1-5 LSU Lugansk
[Yu.Kortiatë 42 - N.Paščenko 18; A.Jerohin 47 pen, 76; A.Andruk 54; V.Sargsyan 80]
BSTU Belgorod 0-0 SPMU St.Peterburg
Table:
1.LSU Lugansk 3 1 2 0 8- 4 5
2.BSTU Belgorod 3 0 3 0 4- 4 3
------------------------------------------------
3.SPMU St.Peterburg 3 0 3 0 3- 3 3
4.NCFU Stavropoľ 3 0 2 1 5- 9 2
5.ASU Astrahań 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
6.SRSPU Novočerkassk 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
7.SevSU Sevastopoľ 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
8.DSTU Mahačkala 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
9.SPPU St.Peterburg 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
10.KBSU Naľčik 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
11.MPEI Moskva 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
------------------------------------------------
12.RUE Moskva 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
13.DonSTI Alčevsk 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
Top scorers:
1.Artjóm Jeróhin (LSU Lugánsk) 4
2.Ígoŕ Klímov (BSTU Bélgorod) 2
Valérij Sargsyán (LSU Lugánsk) 2
Jevgénij Smirnóv (SPMU St.Peterburg) 2
Round 2
[Apr 15]
ASU Astrahan - SevSU Sevastopol
NCFU Stavropol - SPPU St.Peterburg
[Apr 16]
ASU Astrahan - NCFU Stavropol
SevSU Sevastopol - SPPU St.Peterburg
[Apr 17]
SevSU Sevastopol - NCFU Stavropol
ASU Astrahan - SPPU St.Peterburg
Round 3
[Apr 28]
MPEI Moskva - SevSU Sevastopol
RUE Moskva - BSTU Belgorod
[Apr 29]
RUE Moskva - SevSU Sevastopol
MPEI Moskva - BSTU Belgorod
[Apr 30]
MPEI Moskva - RUE Moskva
BSTU Belgorod - SevSU Sevastopol
Round 4
[May 11]
RUE Moskva - KBSU Nalcik
LSU Lugansk - ASU Astrahan
[May 12]
LSU Lugansk - RUE Moskva
KBSU Nalcik - ASU Astrahan
[May 13]
LSU Lugansk - KBSU Nalcik
RUE Moskva - ASU Astrahan
Round 5
[May 24]
RUE Moskva - NCFU Stavropol
DSTU Mahackala - DonSTI Alcevsk
[May 25]
NCFU Stavropol - DSTU Mahackala
RUE Moskva - DonSTI Alcevsk
[May 26]
RUE Moskva - DSTU Mahackala
NCFU Stavropol - DonSTI Alcevsk
Round 6
[Jun 2]
SPPU St.Peterburg - DSTU Mahackala
MPEI Moskva - LSU Lugansk
[Jun 3]
SPPU St.Peterburg - LSU Lugansk
DSTU Mahackala - MPEI Moskva
[Jun 4]
DSTU Mahackala - LSU Lugansk
SPPU St.Peterburg - MPEI Moskva
Round 7
[Jun 10]
ASU Astrahan - DSTU Mahackala
SRSPU Novocerkassk - BSTU Belgorod
[Jun 11]
BSTU Belgorod - ASU Astrahan
SRSPU Novocerkassk - DSTU Mahackala
[Jun 12]
BSTU Belgorod - DSTU Mahackala
SRSPU Novocerkassk - ASU Astrahan
Round 8
[Sep 7]
SPMU St.Peterburg - MPEI Moskva
DonSTI Alcevsk - ASU Astrahan
[Sep 8]
ASU Astrahan - SPMU St.Peterburg
DonSTI Alcevsk - MPEI Moskva
[Sep 9]
DonSTI Alcevsk - SPMU St.Peterburg
ASU Astrahan - MPEI Moskva
Round 9
[Sep 20]
SPMU St.Peterburg - SPPU St.Peterburg
SRSPU Novocerkassk - RUE Moskva
[Sep 21]
SPPU St.Peterburg - SRSPU Novocerkassk
SPMU St.Peterburg - RUE Moskva
[Sep 22]
SPMU St.Peterburg - SRSPU Novocerkassk
SPPU St.Peterburg - RUE Moskva
Round 10
[Oct 5]
DonSTI Alcevsk - SPPU St.Peterburg
KBSU Nalcik - BSTU Belgorod
[Oct 6]
BSTU Belgorod - DonSTI Alcevsk
KBSU Nalcik - SPPU St.Peterburg
[Oct 7]
BSTU Belgorod - SPPU St.Peterburg
KBSU Nalcik - DonSTI Alcevsk
Round 11
[Oct 23]
MPEI Moskva - KBSU Nalcik
NCFU Stavropol - SRSPU Novocerkassk
[Oct 24]
NCFU Stavropol - KBSU Nalcik
SRSPU Novocerkassk - MPEI Moskva
[Oct 25]
NCFU Stavropol - MPEI Moskva
SRSPU Novocerkassk - KBSU Nalcik
Round 12
[Nov 11]
SevSU Sevastopol - SPMU St.Peterburg
DSTU Mahackala - KBSU Nalcik
[Nov 12]
KBSU Nalcik - SevSU Sevastopol
DSTU Mahackala - SPMU St.Peterburg
[Nov 13]
KBSU Nalcik - SPMU St.Peterburg
DSTU Mahackala - SevSU Sevastopol
Round 13
[Dec 2]
SevSU Sevastopol - DonSTI Alcevsk
LSU Lugansk - SRSPU Novocerkassk
[Dec 3]
DonSTI Alcevsk - LSU Lugansk
SevSU Sevastopol - SRSPU Novocerkassk
[Dec 4]
DonSTI Alcevsk - SRSPU Novocerkassk
SevSU Sevastopol - LSU Lugansk
CLASS B
-------
KNRTU-KAI Kazáń National Research Technical University - Kazáń Aviation Institute
KSUPEST Kubáń State University of Physical Education, Sports & Tourism [Krasnodár]
BMSTU Bauman Moscow State Technical University
NEFU North-Eastern Federal University [Jakútsk]
RSUE Rostóv-na-Donú State University of Economics
SPSU Sankt-Peterbúrg State University
UrFU Urál Federal University [Jekaterinbúrg]
[Apr 6]
RSUE Rostov-na-Donu 2-1 BMSTU Moskva
[A.Gordejev 23; G.Glazyrin 43 - A.Tarasov 80 pen]
KSUPEST Krasnodar 2-0 UrFU Jekaterinburg
[Je.Kravčuk 23; D.Poterjajev 63]
[Apr 7]
UrFU Jekaterinburg 0-1 RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
[Ja.Grabaŕ 77]
KSUPEST Krasnodar 3-5 BMSTU Moskva
[V.Naryžnij 32; Je.Kravčuk 61; Je.Usačov 66 - A.Tarasov 35, 36;
T.Vaxitov 65; G.Alehnovič 68; I.Krasavin 70]
[Apr 8]
KSUPEST Krasnodar 0-0 RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
BMSTU Moskva 2-1 UrFU Jekaterinburg
[S.Bodjona 31; A.Tarasov 68 - F.Kornijenko 50]
Table:
1.RSUE Rostov-na-Donu 3 2 1 0 3- 1 7 [N]
2.BMSTU Moskva 3 2 0 1 8- 6 6
-----------------------------------------------
3.KSUPEST Krasnodar 3 1 1 1 5- 5 4 [N]
4.KNRTU-KAI Kazań 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
5.SPSU St.Peterburg 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
-----------------------------------------------
6.NEFU Jakutsk 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
7.UrFU Jekaterinburg 3 0 0 3 1- 5 0 [N]
Top scorers:
1.Artjóm Tarásov (BMSTU Moskvá) 4
2.Jegór Kravčúk {KSUPEST Krasnodar) 2
[May 21]
KSUPEST Krasnodar - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
UrFU Jekaterinburg - NEFU Jakutsk
[May 22]
NEFU Jakutsk - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
UrFU Jekaterinburg - KSUPEST Krasnodar
[May 23]
UrFU Jekaterinburg - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
KSUPEST Krasnodar - NEFU Jakutsk
[May 27]
RSUE Rostov-na-Donu - NEFU Jakutsk
KSUPEST Krasnodar - SPSU St.Peterburg
[May 28]
RSUE Rostov-na-Donu - SPSU St.Peterburg
NEFU Jakutsk - KSUPEST Krasnodar
[May 29]
NEFU Jakutsk - SPSU St.Peterburg
RSUE Rostov-na-Donu - KSUPEST Krasnodar
[Sep 10]
NEFU Jakutsk - BMSTU Moskva
RSUE Rostov-na-Donu - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
[Sep 11]
NEFU Jakutsk - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
BMSTU Moskva - RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
[Sep 12]
BMSTU Moskva - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
NEFU Jakutsk - RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
[Sep 17]
SPSU St.Peterburg - UrFU Jekaterinburg
NEFU Jakutsk - BMSTU Moskva
[Sep 18]
SPSU St.Peterburg - BMSTU Moskva
UrFU Jekaterinburg - NEFU Jakutsk
[Sep 19]
SPSU St.Peterburg - NEFU Jakutsk
UrFU Jekaterinburg - BMSTU Moskva
[Oct 16]
KNRTU-KAI Kazan - SPSU St.Peterburg
UrFU Jekaterinburg - RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
[Oct 17]
SPSU St.Peterburg - UrFU Jekaterinburg
KNRTU-KAI Kazan - RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
[Oct 18]
KNRTU-KAI Kazan - UrFU Jekaterinburg
SPSU St.Peterburg - RSUE Rostov-na-Donu
[Nov 27]
KNRTU-KAI Kazan - KSUPEST Krasnodar
BMSTU Moskva - SPSU St.Peterburg
[Nov 28]
BMSTU Moskva - KSUPEST Krasnodar
SPSU St.Peterburg - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
[Nov 29]
SPSU St.Peterburg - KSUPEST Krasnodar
BMSTU Moskva - KNRTU-KAI Kazan
CLASS C
-------
Participants:
ASU Adyghé State University [Majkóp]
AUMSU Admiral Ušakóv Maritime State University [Novorossíjsk]
CFU-2 Crimean Federal University (second team) [Simferópoľ]
JMTS Jasinovátaja Multidisciplinary Technical School [DPR]
MSU Mariúpoľ State University [DPR]
MelSU Melitópoľ State University [Zaporóžje Region]
NCIMM North Caucasian Institute of Mining & Metallurgy [Vladikavkáz]
PSNRU Perḿ State National Research University
FIRST STAGE
Group C-1
[May 14]
ASU Majkop - MSU Mariupoľ
JMTS Jasinovataja - PSNRU Perḿ
[May 15]
PSNRU Perḿ - ASU Majkop
JMTS Jasinovataja - MSU Mariupoľ
[May 16]
JMTS Jasinovataja - ASU Majkop
PSNRU Perḿ - MSU Mariupoľ
Table:
1.ASU Majkop 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
2.JMTS Jasinovataja 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
3.MSU Mariupoľ 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
4.PSNRU Perḿ 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
Group C-2
[May 17]
MelSU Melitopoľ - AUMSU Novorossijsk
CFU-2 Simferopoľ - NCIMM Vladikavkaz
[May 18]
AUMSU Novorossijsk - CFU-2 Simferopoľ
MelSU Melitopoľ - NCIMM Vladikavkaz
[May 19]
NCIMM Vladikavkaz - AUMSU Novorossijsk
MelSU Melitopoľ - CFU-2 Simferopoľ
Table:
1.AUMSU Novorossijsk 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
2.CFU-2 Simferopoľ 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
3.MelSU Melitopoľ 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
4.NCIMM Vladikavkaz 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0
Prepared and maintained by Theodore Dreiman for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Theodore Dreiman
Last updated: 15 Apr 2025
(C) Copyright Theodore Dreiman and RSSSF 2024/25
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.