Decentralised Tournament
Final Table:
1. Alianza Lima 30 20 4 6 63-20 44 [1978 Champion, To Copa Libertadores]
2. Universitario 30 21 1 8 62-28 43 [To Copa Libertadores]
3. Sporting Cristal 30 18 6 6 61-28 42
4. Juan Aurich 30 13 12 5 39-25 38
5. Sport Boys 30 12 10 8 44-37 34
6. FBC Melgar 30 12 9 9 39-34 33
7. León de Huanuco 30 10 10 10 27-35 30
8. Atlético Chalaco 30 10 8 12 37-43 28
9. C.N.I 30 9 10 11 28-35 28
10. Bolognesi 30 9 10 11 30-41 28
11. Unión Huaral 30 10 6 14 39-51 26
12. Atlético Torino 30 9 6 15 35-47 24
13. Deportivo Municipal 30 8 6 16 25-32 22
14. Alfonso Ugarte 30 8 6 16 44-59 22
15. Deportivo Junín 30 8 5 17 36-62 21
16. Defensor Lima 30 6 5 19 40-72 17 [Relegated]
Round 1
[Jul 8]
Juan Aurich 4-2 Sporting Cristal
C.N.I. 1-0 Alianza Lima
[Jul 9]
Atlético Chalaco 3-1 Atlético Torino
Dep. Municipal 3-2 Deportivo Junín
Universitario 0-1 Bolognesi
FBC Melgar 3-1 Sport Boys
León de Huanuco 0-0 Unión Huaral
Alfonso Ugarte 1-1 Defensor Lima
Round 2
[Jul 16]
Alfonso Ugarte 3-1 Universitario
FBC Melgar 1-0 Dep. Municipal
C.N.I. 2-2 Sport Boys
Unión Huaral 3-1 Bolognesi
Atlético Chalaco 1-2 León de Huanuco
Defensor Lima 0-2 Juan Aurich
[Aug 15]
Sporting Cristal 5-0 Deportivo Junín
[Sep 28]
Atlético Torino 1-0 Alianza Lima
Round 3 [Jul 23]
Sport Boys 1-1 Alianza Lima
Dep. Municipal 3-1 C.N.I.
Sporting Cristal 0-0 FBC Melgar
Juan Aurich 0-2 Universitario
Bolognesi 3-0 Atlético Chalaco
Unión Huaral 3-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Atlético Torino 2-1 León de Huanuco
Deportivo Junín 5-3 Defensor Lima
Round 4
[Jul 29]
C.N.I. 2-1 Atlético Chalaco
Sport Boys 0-2 Universitario
[Jul 30]
Deportivo Junín 1-0 Bolognesi
León de Huanuco 1-0 FBC Melgar
Alfonso Ugarte 0-0 Juan Aurich
Sporting Cristal 3-2 Atlético Torino
Dep. Municipal 1-2 Defensor Lima
Alianza Lima 5-1 Unión Huaral
Round 5
[Aug 5]
Sport Boys 1-0 Atlético Chalaco
Sporting Cristal 3-2 Universitario
[Aug 6]
Atlético Torino 2-1 Defensor Lima
Bolognesi 1-1 C.N.I.
Juan Aurich 3-1 Deportivo Junín
FBC Melgar 2-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Dep. Municipal 4-1 Unión Huaral
Alianza Lima 6-0 León de Huanuco
Round 6
[Aug 12]
León de Huanuco 0-0 Dep. Municipal
Defensor Lima 1-1 Unión Huaral
Universitario 3-1 Atlético Torino
[Aug 13]
FBC Melgar 5-0 Deportivo Junín
C.N.I. 1-1 Juan Aurich
Alianza Lima 9-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Sporting Cristal 1-1 Atlético Chalaco
Sport Boys 1-1 Bolognesi
Round 7
[Aug 19]
Dep. Municipal 0-1 Sport Boys
Universitario 5-1 FBC Melgar
[Aug 20]
Bolognesi 1-1 Atlético Torino
Deportivo Junín 2-2 Unión Huaral
C.N.I. 0-0 Defensor Lima
Alfonso Ugarte 0-2 León de Huanuco
Atlético Chalaco 0-0 Juan Aurich
Sporting Cristal 2-1 Alianza Lima
Round 8
[Aug 26]
Defensor Lima 1-5 Sport Boys
Sporting Cristal 2-1 Dep. Municipal
Universitario 1-2 Alianza Lima
[Aug 27]
Bolognesi 1-3 Juan Aurich
FBC Melgar 3-1 Atlético Chalaco
C.N.I. 2-1 Unión Huaral
León de Huanuco 1-0 Deportivo Junín
Atlético Torino 4-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Round 9 [Aug 30]
C.N.I 0-0 Sporting Cristal
Alfonso Ugarte 2-2 Atlético Chalaco
Juan Aurich 2-1 Unión Huaral
Deportivo Junín 3-2 Universitario
León de Huanuco 0-0 Bolognesi
Sport Boys 2-1 Atlético Torino
Defensor Lima 0-1 FBC Melgar
Alianza Lima 1-0 Dep. Municipal
Round 10 [Sep 3]
Sport Boys 1-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Atlético Chalaco 4-2 Defensor Lima
Sporting Cristal 1-1 León de Huanuco
Juan Aurich 0-0 Alianza Lima
Atlético Torino 0-0 FBC Melgar
Unión Huaral 0-3 Universitario
Bolognesi 1-1 Dep. Municipal
Deportivo Junín 1-1 C.N.I.
Round 11
[Sep 9]
Dep. Municipal 2-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Universitario 3-1 Atlético Chalaco
[Sep 10]
FBC Melgar 2-1 C.N.I.
Bolognesi 1-0 Sporting Cristal
Atlético Torino 3-3 Unión Huaral
León de Huanuco 0-1 Defensor Lima
Alianza Lima 3-0 Deportivo Junín
Sport Boys 0-0 Juan Aurich
Round 12
[Sep 16]
Atlético Chalaco 2-2 Unión Huaral
Defensor Lima 1-2 Bolognesi
[Sep 17]
Alfonso Ugarte 2-0 Sporting Cristal
León de Huanuco 0-2 Universitario
Deportivo Junín 2-2 Sport Boys
C.N.I. 1-2 Atlético Torino
Dep. Municipal 0-1 Juan Aurich
Alianza Lima 3-1 FBC Melgar
Round 13
[Sep 23]
Universitario 2-0 C.N.I.
Sport Boys 2-5 Sporting Cristal
[Sep 24]
FBC Melgar 3-3 Unión Huaral
Juan Aurich 3-1 León de Huanuco
Bolognesi 2-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Atlético Torino 1-0 Dep. Municipal
Atlético Chalaco 0-1 Deportivo Junín
Alianza Lima 1-2 Defensor Lima
Round 14
[Sep 30]
Universitario 2-1 Defensor Lima
Alianza Lima 0-1 Bolognesi
[Oct 1]
FBC Melgar 2-0 Juan Aurich
Unión Huaral 1-0 Sporting Cristal
León de Huanuco 2-2 Sport Boys
Alfonso Ugarte 6-2 C.N.I.
Atlético Torino 2-1 Deportivo Junín
Atlético Chalaco 0-1 Dep. Municipal
Round 15
[Oct 7]
Universitario 4-1 Dep. Municipal
[Oct 8]
C.N.I. 0-1 León de Huanuco
Deportivo Junín 1-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Juan Aurich 2-0 Atlético Torino
Unión Huaral 3-0 Sport Boys
Bolognesi 0-0 FBC Melgar
Defensor Lima 0-5 Sporting Cristal
Atlético Chalaco 1-0 Alianza Lima
Round 16
[Oct 15]
Sporting Cristal 1-0 Juan Aurich
Atlético Torino 1-2 Atlético Chalaco
Deportivo Junín 1-0 Dep. Municipal
Bolognesi 2-0 Universitario
Sport Boys 0-0 FBC Melgar
Unión Huaral 1-0 León de Huanuco
Defensor Lima 5-2 Alfonso Ugarte
[Oct 19]
Alianza Lima 2-1 C.N.I.
Round 17
[Oct 21]
Universitario 3-2 Alfonso Ugarte
Dep. Municipal 1-1 FBC Melgar
[Oct 22]
Sport Boys 3-0 C.N.I.
Bolognesi 1-2 Unión Huaral
León de Huanuco 2-1 Atlético Chalaco
Juan Aurich 4-1 Defensor Lima
Deportivo Junín 0-1 Sporting Cristal
Alianza Lima 1-0 Atlético Torino
Round 18
[Oct 28]
Defensor Lima 4-1 Deportivo Junín
Alianza Lima 2-1 Sport Boys
[Oct 29]
C.N.I. 1-0 Dep. Municipal
Universitario 2-0 Juan Aurich
Atlético Chalaco 1-1 Bolognesi
Alfonso Ugarte 2-0 Unión Huaral
León de Huanuco 1-1 Atlético Torino
[Dec 06]
FBC Melgar 0-0 Sporting Cristal
Round 19
[Nov 5]
Atlético Chalaco 1-0 C.N.I.
Universitario 2-1 Sport Boys
Bolognesi 2-1 Deportivo Junín
FBC Melgar 1-1 León de Huanuco
Juan Aurich 1-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Atlético Torino 0-2 Sporting Cristal
Defensor Lima 1-3 Dep. Municipal
Unión Huaral 0-1 Alianza Lima
Round 20
[Nov 11]
Atlético Chalaco 2-0 Sport Boys
Universitario 0-1 Sporting Cristal
Defensor Lima 3-2 Atlético Torino
[Nov 12]
C.N.I. 3-0 Bolognesi
Deportivo Junín 1-1 Juan Aurich
Alfonso Ugarte 1-2 FBC Melgar
Unión Huaral 0-1 Dep. Municipal
León de Huanuco 0-1 Alianza Lima
Round 21 [Nov 19]
Dep. Municipal 0-1 León de Huanuco
Unión Huaral 3-1 Defensor Lima
Atlético Torino 0-1 Universitario
Deportivo Junín 2-3 FBC Melgar
Juan Aurich 0-0 C.N.I.
Alfonso Ugarte 1-1 Alianza Lima
Atlético Chalaco 1-3 Sporting Cristal
Bolognesi 1-1 Sport Boys
Round 22 [Nov 26]
Sport Boys 2-1 Dep. Municipal
FBC Melgar 0-1 Universitario
Atlético Torino 3-0 Bolognesi
Unión Huaral 2-1 Deportivo Junín
Defensor Lima 0-2 C.N.I.
León de Huanuco 1-0 Alfonso Ugarte
Juan Aurich 2-2 Atlético Chalaco
Alianza Lima 4-0 Sporting Cristal
Round 23
[Dec 2]
Sport Boys 1-0 Defensor Lima
Dep. Municipal 1-0 Cristal
[Dec 3]
Alianza Lima 2-1 Universitario
Juan Aurich 2-0 Bolognesi
Atlético Chalaco 2-0 FBC Melgar
Unión Huaral 0-1 C.N.I.
Deportivo Junín 1-2 León de Huanuco
Alfonso Ugarte 7-0 Atlético Torino
Round 24
[Dec 8]
Dep. Municipal 0-1 Alianza Lima
[Dec 9]
Sporting Cristal 3-0 C.N.I.
Atlético Chalaco 3-2 Alfonso Ugarte
Universitario 5-0 Deportivo Junín
[Dec 10]
Bolognesi 3-2 León de Huanuco
Atlético Torino 1-2 Sport Boys
FBC Melgar 4-1 Defensor Lima
Unión Huaral 0-1 Juan Aurich
Round 25
[Dec 16]
Universitario 3-1 Unión Huaral
Dep. Municipal 0-0 Bolognesi
[Dec 17]
Alfonso Ugarte 0-0 Sport Boys
Defensor Lima 3-3 Atlético Chalaco
León de Huanuco 0-0 Sporting Cristal
Alianza Lima 2-0 Juan Aurich
FBC Melgar 0-1 Atlético Torino
C.N.I. 1-0 Deportivo Junín
Round 26
[Dec 20]
Unión Huaral 1-0 Atlético Torino
C.N.I. 0-0 FBC Melgar
Alfonso Ugarte 2-0 Dep. Municipal
[Dec 21]
Sporting Cristal 5-0 Bolognesi
Defensor Lima 1-3 León de Huanuco
Deportivo Junín 2-2 Alianza Lima
Juan Aurich 0-0 Sport Boys
[Dec 22]
Atlético Chalaco 0-0 Universitario
Round 27
[Dec 27]
Sporting Cristal 6-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Universitario 4-0 León de Huanuco
[Dec 28]
Unión Huaral 0-1 Atlético Chalaco
Bolognesi 0-0 Defensor Lima
Sport Boys 4-1 Deportivo Junín
Atlético Torino 1-1 C.N.I.
Juan Aurich 1-1 Dep. Municipal
FBC Melgar 0-3 Alianza Lima
Round 28
[Jan 6]
Sporting Cristal 2-1 Sport Boys
[Jan 7]
C.N.I. 0-0 Universitario
Unión Huaral 1-0 FBC Melgar
León de Huanuco 0-0 Juan Aurich
Alfonso Ugarte 4-3 Bolognesi
Dep. Municipal 0-0 Atlético Torino
Deportivo Junín 3-0 Atlético Chalaco
Defensor Lima 2-5 Alianza Lima
Round 29
[Jan 13]
Defensor Lima 2-4 Universitario
Sporting Cristal 5-2 Unión Huaral
[Jan 14]
Bolognesi 0-2 Alianza Lima
Juan Aurich 3-2 FBC Melgar
Sport Boys 2-1 León de Huanuco
C.N.I. 2-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Deportivo Junín 2-1 Atlético Torino
Dep. Municipal 0-1 Atlético Chalaco
Round 30
[Jan 20]
Sport Boys 5-1 Unión Huaral
Dep. Municipal 0-2 Universitario
Sporting Cristal 3-0 Defensor Lima
[Jan 21]
León de Huanuco 1-1 C.N.I.
Alfonso Ugarte 2-0 Deportivo Junín
Atlético Torino 1-3 Juan Aurich
FBC Melgar 2-1 Bolognesi
Alianza Lima 2-0 Atlético Chalaco
Final Table:
1. Alianza Lima 30 20 4 6 63-20 44 [1978 Champion, To Copa Libertadores]
2. Universitario 30 21 1 8 62-28 43 [To Copa Libertadores]
3. Sporting Cristal 30 18 6 6 61-28 42
4. Juan Aurich 30 13 12 5 39-25 38
5. Sport Boys 30 12 10 8 44-37 34
6. FBC Melgar 30 12 9 9 39-34 33
7. León de Huanuco 30 10 10 10 27-35 30
8. Atlético Chalaco 30 10 8 12 37-43 28
9. C.N.I 30 9 10 11 28-35 28
10. Bolognesi 30 9 10 11 30-41 28
11. Unión Huaral 30 10 6 14 39-51 26
12. Atlético Torino 30 9 6 15 35-47 24
13. Deportivo Municipal 30 8 6 16 25-32 22
14. Alfonso Ugarte 30 8 6 16 44-59 22
15. Deportivo Junín 30 8 5 17 36-62 21
16. Defensor Lima 30 6 5 19 40-72 17 [Relegated]
Regional 1978
Note: before the season a Regional Tournament was played in order
to give the clubs fixtures while the national team prepared
for the 1978 World Cup. It was a friendly tournament without
any bearing on the championship (no bonus points or qualifying
criteria applied).
Northern Group
Round 1 [Feb 19]
Deportivo Junín 1-1 Universitario
C.N.I. 2-2 Sport Boys
Juan Aurich 1-3 Atlético Torino
Unión Huaral 2-0 Sporting Cristal
Round 2
[Feb 25]
Sporting Cristal 1-1 Universitario
S.Boys 2-4 Unión Huaral
[Feb 26]
Juan Aurich 1-0 C.N.I.
Atlético Torino 2-2 Deportivo Junín
Round 3
[Mar 4]
Universitario 2-2 Unión Huaral
[Mar 5]
C.N.I. 0-1 Atlético Torino
Sport Boys 1-2 Juan Aurich
Deportivo Junín 4-3 Sporting Cristal
Round 4 [Mar 12]
C.N.I. 0-2 Universitario
Huaral 0-0 Deportivo Junín
Juan Aurich 4-0 Sporting Cristal
Atlético Torino 1-1 S.Boys
Round 5
[Mar 18]
Sporting Cristal 3-2 Atlético Torino
[Mar 19]
C.N.I. 1-1 Unión Huaral
Deportivo Junín 1-1 Juan Aurich
Sport Boys 1-0 Universitario
Round 6
[Mar 25]
Universitario 2-1 Atlético Torino
[Mar 26]
Juan Aurich 5-3 Unión Huaral
Deportivo Junín 2-1 C.N.I.
Sporting Cristal 1-1 S.Boys
Round 7
[Apr 1]
Sport Boys 1-1 Deportivo Junín
[Apr 2]
Juan Aurich 2-1 Universitario
Atlético Torino 1-2 Unión Huaral
Sporting Cristal 0-1 C.N.I.
Round 8
[Apr 8]
Sporting Cristal 1-2 Unión Huaral
[Apr 9]
Universitario 0-0 Deportivo Junín
Sport Boys 2-1 C.N.I.
Atlético Torino 1-1 Juan Aurich
Round 9
[Apr 15]
Universitario 3-0 Sporting Cristal
[Apr 16]
C.N.I. 0-0 Juan Aurich
Deportivo Junín 5-0 Atlético Torino
Unión Huaral 2-1 S.Boys
Round 10 [Apr 23]
Unión Huaral 0-0 Universitario
Atlético Torino 1-0 C.N.I.
Juan Aurich 2-0 Sport Boys
Sporting Cristal 1-2 Deportivo Junín
Round 11
[Apr 29]
Sporting Cristal 2-1 J.Aurich
Universitario 1-0 C.N.I.
[Apr 30]
Deportivo Junín 2-1 Unión Huaral
S.Boys 3-0 Atlético Torino
Round 12 [May 7]
Universitario 1-3 S.Boys
Atlético Torino 4-0 Sporting Cristal
Unión Huaral 0-0 C.N.I.
Juan Aurich 2-0 Deportivo Junín
Round 13
[May 13]
Unión Huaral 3-0 Juan Aurich
S.Boys 3-2 Sporting Cristal
[May 14]
Atlético Torino 2-1 Universitario
C.N.I. 3-0 Deportivo Junín
Round 14
[May 20]
C.N.I. 2-0 Sporting Cristal
[May 28]
Deportivo Junín 3-2 S.Boys
Unión Huaral 3-1 Atlético Torino
Universitario 1-2 Juan Aurich
Final Table:
1. Unión Huaral 14 7 5 2 25-16 19 [To Final Group]
2. Juan Aurich 14 8 3 3 24-16 19 [To Final Group]
3. Deportivo Junín 14 6 6 2 23-18 18
4. Sport Boys 14 5 4 5 23-22 14
5. Universitario 14 4 5 5 16-15 13
6. Atlético Torino 14 5 3 6 20-24 13
7. C.N.I 14 3 4 7 11-13 10
8. Cristal 14 2 2 10 14-32 6
Southern Group
Round 1 [Feb 19]
León de Huanuco 1-1 Dep. Municipal
Alfonso Ugarte 1-1 Defensor Lima
Alianza Lima 1-2 Bolognesi
Atlético Chalaco 3-3 FBC Melgar
Round 2
[Feb 25]
Atlético Chalaco 1-3 Dep. Municipal
[Feb 26]
FBC Melgar 1-0 Defensor Lima
León de Huanuco 1-1 Alianza Lima
Alfonso Ugarte 1-1 Bolognesi
Round 3
[Mar 4]
Dep. Municipal 1-1 Alianza Lima
[Mar 5]
Alfonso Ugarte 1-0 FBC Melgar
León de Huanuco 1-2 Bolognesi
Defensor Lima 2-1 Atlético Chalaco
Round 4 [Mar 12]
FBC Melgar 0-0 Alianza Lima
León de Huanuco 0-0 Defensor Lima
Atlético Chalaco 1-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Bolognesi 0-2 Dep. Municipal
Round 5
[Mar 18]
Dep. Municipal 2-2 FBC Melgar
[Mar 19]
Atlético Chalaco 0-3 Alianza Lima
Alfonso Ugarte 3-0 León de Huanuco
Defensor Lima 0-0 Bolognesi
Round 6
[Mar 25]
Defensor Lima 0-3 Dep. Municipal
[Mar 26]
Bolognesi 1-0 FBC Melgar
Alfonso Ugarte 0-0 Alianza Lima
León de Huanuco 2-0 Atlético Chalaco
Round 7
[Apr 1]
Dep. Municipal 1-1 Alfonso Ugarte
[Apr 2]
Bolognesi 1-0 Atlético Chalaco
FBC Melgar 0-0 León de Huanuco
Defensor Lima 3-2 Alianza Lima
Round 8
[Apr 7]
Dep. Municipal 3-1 León de Huanuco
[Apr 8]
Defensor Lima 5-1 Alfonso Ugarte
[Apr 9]
Bolognesi 0-3 Alianza Lima
FBC Melgar 0-0 Atlético Chalaco
Round 9
[Apr 14]
Defensor Lima 3-1 FBC Melgar
[Apr 15]
Alianza Lima 1-1 León de Huanuco
[Apr 16]
Bolognesi 1-0 Alfonso Ugarte
[Apr 19]
Dep. Municipal 1-0 Atlético Chalaco
Round 10
[Apr 22]
Atlético Chalaco 3-1 Defensor Lima
[Apr 23]
FBC Melgar 1-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Bolognesi 3-1 León de Huanuco
Alianza Lima 3-0 Dep. Municipal
Round 11
[Apr 29]
Alfonso Ugarte 2-1 Atlético Chalaco
Defensor Lima 1-0 León de Huanuco
[Apr 30]
Dep. Municipal 2-3 Bolognesi
Alianza Lima 3-1 FBC Melgar
Round 12
[May 6]
Alianza Lima 4-1 Atlético Chalaco
[May 7]
Bolognesi 3-2 Defensor Lima
FBC Melgar 2-0 Dep. Municipal
León de Huanuco 2-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Round 13
[May 13]
Dep. Municipal 0-1 Defensor Lima
[May 14]
FBC Melgar 2-0 Bolognesi
Atlético Chalaco 1-2 León de Huanuco
Alianza Lima 2-1 Alfonso Ugarte
Round 14
[May 21]
Alianza Lima 3-2 Defensor Lima
[May 28]
Alfonso Ugarte 5-1 Dep. Municipal
León de Huanuco 1-0 FBC Melgar
Atlético Chalaco 1-1 Bolognesi
Final Table:
1. Alianza Lima 14 7 5 2 27-13 19 [To Final Group]
2. Bolognesi 14 8 3 3 18-16 19 [To Final Group]
3. Defensor Lima 14 6 3 5 21-19 15
4. Alfonso Ugarte 14 4 6 4 19-17 14
5. Deportivo Municipal 14 5 4 5 20-21 14
6. León de Huanuco 14 4 5 5 13-17 13
7. FBC Melgar 14 3 6 5 13-15 12
8. Atlético Chalaco 14 1 4 9 13-26 6
Final Group
Round 1 [Jun 4]
Juan Aurich 1-1 Unión Huaral
Alianza Lima 2-0 Bolognesi
Round 2 [Jun 10]
Juan Aurich 0-0 Alianza Lima
Unión Huaral 2-1 Bolognesi
Round 3 [Jun 13]
Juan Aurich 1-1 Bolognesi
Unión Huaral 3-2 Alianza Lima
Round 4 [Jun 17]
Bolognesi 2-1 Alianza Lima
Unión Huaral 0-1 Juan Aurich
Round 5 [Jun 24]
Bolognesi 2-1 Unión Huaral
Alianza Lima 0-0 Juan Aurich
Round 6 [Jun 29]
Bolognesi 4-1 Juan Aurich
Alianza Lima 1-4 Unión Huaral
Final Table:
1. Unión Huaral 6 3 1 2 11 - 8 7
2. Bolognesi 6 3 1 2 10 - 8 7
3. Juan Aurich 6 1 4 1 4 - 6 6
4. Alianza Lima 6 1 2 3 6 - 9 4
list of 2nd division champions.
list of departmental champions.
With thanks to Alfonzo Cornejo
Prepared and maintained by Cesar Silva for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Cesar Silva
(csilpe@hotmail.com)
Last updated: 18 Dec 2008
(C) Copyright Cesar Silva and RSSSF 2004/08
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.