Final Table: 1.ASN NIGELEC (Niamey) 26 17 6 3 29- 9 57 Champions 2.AS Douanes (Niamey) 26 13 11 2 31-13 50 3.US Gendarmerie Nationale (Niamey) 26 12 6 8 35-23 42 [C] 4.AS GNN (Niamey) 26 12 6 8 29-23 42 5.Espoir FC (Zinder) 26 9 7 10 31-32 34 6.AS FAN (Niamey) 26 7 11 8 27-25 32 7.JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) 26 8 8 10 27-28 32 [P] 8.AS Police (Niamey) 26 8 7 11 30-28 31 9.Sahel SC (Niamey) 26 8 6 12 26-34 30 10.Olympic FC (Niamey) 26 7 9 10 18-28 30 11.Akokana FC (Arlit) 26 7 8 11 23-28 29 [P] 12.Urana FC (Arlit) 26 6 11 9 20-27 29 ------------------------------------------------------------ 13.AS SONIDEP (Niamey) 26 5 11 10 18-32 26 Relegated 14.AS Racing FC de Boukoki (Niamey) 26 5 9 12 19-33 24 Relegated Round 1 [Oct 15] AS Douanes awd AS SONIDEP [awarded 3-0, SONIDEP forfeited] [Oct 16] Akokana FC 1-1 Olympic FC Urana FC 1-1 AS FAN Espoir FC 0-4 Sahel SC [Oct 17] AS GNN 0-2 ASN NIGELEC [Oct 18] AS Police awd Racing FC [awarded 3-0, Racing forfeited] [Nov 9] JS Tahoua FC 1-1 US Gendarmerie Round 2 [Oct 19] Akokana FC 0-1 AS FAN Urana FC 0-0 Olympic FC [Oct 22] Racing FC 0-0 JS Tahoua FC [Oct 23] Espoir FC 0-1 AS GNN AS SONIDEP 0-0 Sahel SC [Oct 24] AS Police 0-0 ASN NIGELEC [Nov 4] AS Douanes 2-2 US Gendarmerie Round 3 [Oct 29] US Gendarmerie 0-0 Akokana FC AS Douanes 1-0 Urana FC [Oct 30] Espoir FC 3-1 AS SONIDEP JS Tahoua FC 0-1 ASN NIGELEC Sahel SC 2-1 AS Police AS GNN 1-0 Racing FC [Oct 31] AS FAN 0-1 Olympic FC Round 4 [Nov 1] US Gendarmerie 2-0 Urana FC AS Douanes 1-0 Akokana FC [Nov 5] Racing FC 0-0 Espoir FC AS Police 2-0 Olympic FC [Nov 6] JS Tahoua FC 2-0 AS GNN ASN NIGELEC 2-0 Sahel SC [Nov 7] AS SONIDEP 1-1 AS FAN Round 5 [Nov 9] Olympic FC 0-0 Espoir FC [Nov 12] Akokana FC 0-0 AS Police Urana FC 0-0 Racing FC ASN NIGELEC 0-0 AS SONIDEP [Nov 13] US Gendarmerie 1-0 Sahel SC [Nov 14] AS FAN 2-1 JS Tahoua FC [Nov 18] AS Douanes 1-1 AS GNN Round 6 [Nov 15] Urana FC 0-0 AS Police Akokana FC 2-0 Racing FC [Nov 19] AS FAN 0-1 Sahel SC [Nov 20] JS Tahoua FC 0-1 AS SONIDEP Espoir FC 0-0 ASN NIGELEC [Nov 21] US Gendarmerie 0-0 AS GNN Olympic FC 1-3 AS Douanes Round 7 [Nov 25] AS Police 2-1 JS Tahoua FC ASN NIGELEC 1-0 AS Douanes [Nov 26] AS GNN 2-1 Akokana FC Sahel SC 0-2 Urana FC [Nov 27] Olympic FC 1-1 AS SONIDEP [Nov 30] AS FAN 2-3 Racing FC [Dec 20] Espoir FC 3-4 US Gendarmerie Round 8 [Nov 29] Sahel SC 1-2 Akokana FC AS GNN 1-0 Urana FC [Dec 2] Olympic FC 1-1 JS Tahoua FC [Dec 3] AS Police 1-1 AS Douanes [Dec 4] AS FAN 1-1 Espoir FC [Dec 5] Racing FC 1-2 ASN NIGELEC [Dec 27] AS SONIDEP 1-1 US Gendarmerie Round 9 [Dec 9] Sahel SC 1-1 AS Douanes [Dec 10] Racing FC 1-1 Olympic FC [Dec 11] Espoir FC 2-1 JS Tahoua FC Akokana FC 2-0 Urana FC AS GNN 2-0 AS SONIDEP [Dec 12] US Gendarmerie 1-0 AS Police [Dec 13] ASN NIGELEC 1-0 AS FAN Round 10 [Dec 15] JS Tahoua FC 0-1 AS Douanes Olympic FC 0-1 US Gendarmerie [Dec 16] AS Police 3-1 Espoir FC [also reported 3-2] [Dec 18] AS SONIDEP 2-2 Akokana FC ASN NIGELEC 2-0 Urana FC [Dec 19] AS GNN 2-1 AS FAN Sahel SC 1-2 Racing FC Round 11 [Dec 23] ASN NIGELEC 2-0 Akokana FC AS SONIDEP 1-0 Urana FC [Dec 24] Racing FC 0-0 US Gendarmerie [awarded as win to Racing; goal records [Dec 25] remained unchanged] JS Tahoua FC 0-1 Sahel SC Espoir FC 0-0 AS Douanes Olympic FC 1-2 AS GNN [Dec 26] AS FAN 3-2 AS Police Round 12 [Dec 30] AS SONIDEP 0-0 AS Police [Dec 31] AS FAN 2-0 US Gendarmerie Urana FC 4-2 JS Tahoua FC [Jan 1] Akokana FC 2-1 Espoir FC Sahel SC 1-0 AS GNN [Jan 2] ASN NIGELEC 2-0 Olympic FC [Jan 3] Racing FC 0-0 AS Douanes Round 13 [Jan 4] Akokana FC 1-1 JS Tahoua FC Urana FC 1-0 Espoir FC [Jan 6] AS Douanes 1-1 AS FAN [Jan 7] US Gendarmerie 0-1 ASN NIGELEC [Jan 8] AS Police 2-1 AS GNN [Jan 9] Olympic FC 1-0 Sahel SC [Jan 10] Racing FC 0-1 AS SONIDEP Halfway Table: 1.ASN NIGELEC (Niamey) 13 10 3 0 16- 1 33 2.AS GNN (Niamey) 13 7 2 4 13-11 23 3.AS Douanes (Niamey) 13 5 7 1 15- 8 22 4.AS Police (Niamey) 13 5 5 3 16-10 20 5.US Gendarmerie Nationale (Niamey) 13 5 5 3 13-10 20 [C] 6.Akokana FC (Arlit) 13 4 5 4 13-12 17 [P] 7.Sahel SC (Niamey) 13 5 2 6 12-12 17 8.AS FAN (Niamey) 13 4 4 5 15-15 16 9.AS SONIDEP (Niamey) 13 3 7 3 9-13 16 10.AS Racing FC de Boukoki (Niamey) 13 3 5 5 7-13 14 11.Urana FC (Arlit) 13 3 4 6 8-12 13 12.Olympic FC (Niamey) 13 2 6 5 8-14 12 ------------------------------------------------------------ 13.Espoir FC (Zinder) 13 2 5 6 11-18 11 14.JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) 13 1 4 8 10-17 7 [P] Round 14 [Jan 21] Sahel SC 0-1 Olympic FC [Jan 22] AS SONIDEP 1-0 Racing FC AS GNN 0-2 AS Police Espoir FC 4-0 Urana FC JS Tahoua FC 0-0 Akokana FC [Jan 23] ASN NIGELEC 0-1 US Gendarmerie AS FAN 1-2 AS Douanes Round 15 [Jan 25] AS GNN 1-1 Sahel SC [Jan 26] AS Douanes 2-0 Racing FC Olympic FC 0-2 ASN NIGELEC JS Tahoua FC 2-1 Urana FC Espoir FC 1-0 Akokana FC [Jan 27] US Gendarmerie 0-1 AS FAN AS Police 1-2 AS SONIDEP Round 16 [Jan 29] AS GNN 3-1 Olympic FC AS Douanes 1-1 Espoir FC [Jan 30] AS Police 1-1 AS FAN US Gendarmerie 4-1 Racing FC [Jan 31] Sahel SC 1-3 JS Tahoua FC [Feb 1] Akokana FC 0-1 ASN NIGELEC Urana FC 1-1 AS SONIDEP Round 17 [Feb 2] US Gendarmerie 0-0 Olympic FC [Feb 3] Espoir FC 3-2 AS Police AS Douanes 2-0 JS Tahoua FC [Feb 4] Akokana FC 2-1 AS SONIDEP Urana FC 2-0 ASN NIGELEC [Feb 6] AS FAN 0-0 AS GNN Racing FC 1-0 Sahel SC Round 18 [Feb 7] AS Police 0-2 US Gendarmerie [Feb 10] AS FAN 0-0 ASN NIGELEC [Feb 11] Olympic FC 1-1 Racing FC [Feb 12] JS Tahoua FC 1-0 Espoir FC Urana FC 2-0 Akokana FC AS SONIDEP 1-1 AS GNN [Feb 13] AS Douanes 0-0 Sahel SC Round 19 [Feb 18] ASN NIGELEC 1-0 Racing FC [Feb 19] Espoir FC 2-2 AS FAN JS Tahoua FC 2-0 Olympic FC AS Douanes 1-0 AS Police [Feb 20] Urana FC 0-0 AS GNN Akokana FC 2-0 Sahel SC [May 3] US Gendarmerie 4-1 AS SONIDEP Round 20 [Feb 22] Urana FC 1-1 Sahel SC Akokana FC 0-1 AS GNN [Feb 24] JS Tahoua FC 1-0 AS Police AS Douanes 0-1 ASN NIGELEC [Feb 25] AS SONIDEP 0-1 Olympic FC [Feb 26] Racing FC 0-1 AS FAN [May 6] US Gendarmerie 3-0 Espoir FC Round 21 [Feb 28] ASN NIGELEC 1-0 Espoir FC [Mar 1] Sahel SC 0-3 AS FAN [Mar 2] AS Douanes 2-0 Olympic FC [Mar 3] AS GNN 1-3 US Gendarmerie [Mar 4] AS SONIDEP 1-1 JS Tahoua FC [Mar 5] AS Police 3-0 Urana FC Racing FC 5-1 Akokana FC Round 22 [Mar 6] Sahel SC 1-3 US Gendarmerie AS GNN 0-1 AS Douanes [Mar 7] AS SONIDEP 0-2 ASN NIGELEC [Mar 8] Racing FC 2-2 Urana FC AS Police 2-1 Akokana FC [Mar 9] JS Tahoua FC 2-1 AS FAN Espoir FC 1-0 Olympic FC Round 23 [Mar 10] Sahel SC 2-2 ASN NIGELEC [Mar 12] Espoir FC 1-0 Racing FC [Mar 13] Akokana FC 1-1 AS Douanes [Mar 14] AS FAN 0-0 AS SONIDEP [Mar 15] AS GNN 2-1 JS Tahoua FC [Mar 16] Olympic FC 1-0 AS Police [May 15] Urana FC 1-0 US Gendarmerie Round 24 [Mar 16?] Urana FC 0-0 AS Douanes [May 18] ASN NIGELEC 0-0 JS Tahoua FC Akokana FC 2-0 US Gendarmerie [May 21] Olympic FC 2-1 AS FAN [May 22] AS Police 2-3 Sahel SC Racing FC 0-4 AS GNN [May 23] AS SONIDEP 0-3 Espoir FC Round 25 [Jun 20] US Gendarmerie 0-2 AS Douanes AS GNN 0-1 Espoir FC [Jun 20-22] AS FAN 0-0 Akokana FC Olympic FC 1-1 Urana FC JS Tahoua FC 1-1 Racing FC ASN NIGELEC 2-0 AS Police [Jun 22] Sahel SC 1-0 AS SONIDEP Round 26 [Jun 27] Racing FC 1-1 AS Police ASN NIGELEC 1-3 AS GNN [Jun 28] AS FAN 1-1 Urana FC Olympic FC 2-1 Akokana FC Sahel SC 4-3 Espoir FC US Gendarmerie 2-3 JS Tahoua FC AS SONIDEP 1-2 AS Douanes Final Table: 1.ASN NIGELEC (Niamey) 26 17 6 3 29- 9 57 Champions 2.AS Douanes (Niamey) 26 13 11 2 31-13 50 3.US Gendarmerie Nationale (Niamey) 26 12 6 8 35-23 42 [C] 4.AS GNN (Niamey) 26 12 6 8 29-23 42 5.Espoir FC (Zinder) 26 9 7 10 31-32 34 6.AS FAN (Niamey) 26 7 11 8 27-25 32 7.JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) 26 8 8 10 27-28 32 [P] 8.AS Police (Niamey) 26 8 7 11 30-28 31 9.Sahel SC (Niamey) 26 8 6 12 26-34 30 10.Olympic FC (Niamey) 26 7 9 10 18-28 30 11.Akokana FC (Arlit) 26 7 8 11 23-28 29 [P] 12.Urana FC (Arlit) 26 6 11 9 20-27 29 ------------------------------------------------------------ 13.AS SONIDEP (Niamey) 26 5 11 10 18-32 26 Relegated 14.AS Racing FC de Boukoki (Niamey) 26 5 9 12 19-33 24 Relegated Promoted: Liberté FC (Niamey), Jangorzo FC (Maradi)
NB: 48th edition Zinder - Finale des Eliminatoires [Jan 1] Kandarga FC (Zinder) 4-0 ASAF FC (Zinder) Preliminary Round [Mar 10] Dan Kassawa FC (Maradi) bt Lada FC (Diffa) Entente FC (Dosso) lt AS UAM (Niamey) Ader FC (Tahoua) lt Alkali Nassara (Zinder) [Mar 11] Jangorzo FC (Maradi) bt Soniantcha (Tillabéri) Dan Gourmou FC (Tahoua) bt Zaroumèye Nassara AC (Agadez) bt Wombeye AC (Maradi) Tagour PC (Dosso) bt JS Ader (Tahoua) [Mar 12] Kandadji Sport (Niamey) bt Fusion FC (Niamey) Avenir FC (Kollo) bt Telwa FC (Agadez) [Mar 13] Etoile Rouge FC (Niamey) bt Dilerem FC (N'guigmi) 1/16 Finals [Mar 18] JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) 3-0 Kandarga FC (Zinder) Jangorzo FC (Maradi) 3-0 Kaocen FC (Agadez) Avenir FC (Kollo) 0-1 Racing FC de Boukoki (Niamey) ASN NIGELEC (Niamey) 0-0 Zumunta AC (Niamey) [3-0 pen] [Mar 19] Tagour PC (Dosso) 0-0 Nassara AC (Agadez) [3-0 pen] Dan Kassawa FC (Maradi) 0-2 AS ZAM de Goudel (Niamey) Ni'ima FC (Diffa) 0-1 Akokana FC (Arlit) Alkali Nassara (Zinder) 0-2 AS UAM (Niamey) AS SONIDEP (Niamey) 4-3 Kandadji Sport (Niamey) [Mar 20] Lantarki FC (Agadez) lt Olympic FC (Niamey) Dan Gourmou FC (Tahoua) ppd AS Douanes (Niamey) National Dendi (Dosso) 2-3 SC Sahel (Niamey) [Mar 21] Liberté FC (Niamey) lt AS GNN (Niamey) AS Police (Niamey) 2-1 Espoir FC (Zinder) [Mar 23] Etoile Rouge FC (Niamey) lt Urana FC (Arlit) USGN (Niamey) 1-1 AS FAN (Niamey) [5-3 pen] [date?] Dan Gourmou FC (Tahoua) lt AS Douanes (Niamey) 1/8 Finals [dates?] ASN NIGELEC (Niamey) 3-0 AS GNN (Niamey) JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) 4-1 AS ZAM de Goudel (Niamey) [also reported 3-0] AS UAM (Niamey) 2-2 AS Police (Niamey) [4-2 pen] Akokana FC (Arlit) 2-1 Jangorzo FC (Maradi) Tagour PC (Dosso) 3-1 Olympic FC (Niamey) [also reported 3-0] AS SONIDEP (Niamey) 1-1 Urana FC (Arlit) [10-9 pen] [Mar 26] USGN (Niamey) 4-1 SC Sahel (Niamey) [May 5] Racing FC de Boukoki 0-3 AS Douanes (Niamey) Quarterfinals [May 9] USGN (Niamey) 2-0 AS SONIDEP (Niamey) [May 15] Akokana FC (Arlit) 0-0 Tagour PC (Dosso) [3-0 pen] ASN NIGELEC (Niamey) 0-0 JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) [4-5 pen] [May 16] AS Douanes (Niamey) 1-0 AS UAM (Niamey) Semifinals First Legs [May 22] JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) 0-1 AS Douanes (Niamey) Akokana FC (Arlit) 0-1 USGN (Niamey) Second Legs [May 27] AS Douanes (Niamey) 2-0 JS Tahoua FC (Tahoua) [May 28] USGN (Niamey) 3-1 Akokana FC (Arlit) Final [Jul 16, stade Général Seyni Kountché, Niamey] USGN (Niamey) 1-1 AS Douanes (Niamey) [3-4 pen (no extra time)] [Boubacar Hainikoye "dit Déco" 45+1; Issa Mossi Moussa 78pen]
NB: second level
Groupe A
 1.Liberté FC (Niamey)               18  13  3  2         42       Promoted
------------------------------------------------------------      
   AS ZAM de Goudel (Niamey)          
   Dan Kassawa FC (Maradi)  
   Wombèye AC (Maradi)    
   Lantarki FC (Agadez)             
   Entente FC (Dosso)         
   Dan Gourmou FC (Tahoua)           
   AS UAM (Niamey)                                            [P]
------------------------------------------------------------      
   Lada FC (Diffa)                                            [P]  Relegated
   Sonantcha FC (Tillaberi)                                   [P]  Relegated        
Groupe B
 1.Jangorzo FC (Maradi)              18  12  1  5         37  [R]  Promoted
------------------------------------------------------------
   Etoile Rouge FC (Niamey)          
   Kandadji Sport (Niamey)           
   Zumunta AC (Niamey)               
   Nassara AC (Agadez)  
   Ni'ima FC (Diffa)    
   Tagour PC (Dosso)                                           
   Telwa FC (Agadez)                                          [P]
------------------------------------------------------------
   JS Ader (Ader)                                             [R]  Relegated
   Alkali Nassara FC (Zinder)                                      Relegated
        
Final [Aug 6, stade Général Seyni Kountché, Niamey]
Liberté FC       1-1 Jangorzo FC      [5-4 pen]
  [Laouan Illa "Didi" 75; Abdoul Nasser Bello 57]
NB: both finalists promoted
     
NB: there are 8 regional leagues (Agadez, Dosso, Diffa, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua,
    Tillabéri and Zinder); the winners play off for promotion to the second level 
Dosso
Champions: National Dendi FC (Gaya)
Niamey
Championnat Régionale de Football de Niamey 2022
Quarterfinals
[Jun 11]
Soko AC           -  AS Volcan
Liptaco FC       lt  Tonnerre FC
[Jun 12]
AS GM             -  Aporiver
Ouragan FC       bt  AS Saga
Semifinals not known
Final [Aug 3]
Ouragan FC       2-1 Tonnerre FC 
Coupe du Président de la Ligue
Poule A
   Liberté FC
   AS UAM
   AS B Bassora
   RCL
   Tonnerre FC
 
Poule B
   Racing FC
   ZAC
   Juvénile
   Fusion
 
Poule C
   Etoile Rouge
   Kandadji Sport
   Atcha AC
   AS GM
 
Round 1
[Jan 12]
Liberté           -  AS UAM
AS B Bassora      -  RCL
[Jan 13]
Racing FC         -  ZAC
Juvénile          -  Fusion
[Jan 14]
Etoile Rouge      -  ZAM
Atcha AC          -  AS GM              
 
Round 2
[Jan 15]
Tonnerre FC       -  RCL
AS B Bassora      -  Liberté FC 
[Jan 16]
ZAC               -  Juvénile
Fusion            -  Racing FC
[Jan 17]
ZAM               -  Atcha AC
AS GM             -  Etoile Rouge      
 
Round 3
[Jan 22]
AS B Bassora      -  AS UAM
Liberté FC        -  Tonnerre FC
[Jan 23]
Fusion            -  ZAC
Racing FC         -  Juvénile
[Jan 24]
ZAM               -  AS GM
Atcha AC          -  Etoile Rouge
 
Round 4 [Jan 25]
RCL               -  Liberté
Tonnerre FC       -  AS UAM
 
Round 5 [Jan 29]
AS UAM            -  RCL
Tonnerre FC       -  AS B Bassora  
 
Quarterfinals
[Feb 1]
Racing FC         -  AS UAM
ZAC               -  Atcha AC            
Zinder
Poule A
[Mar 4]
ASAF             0-1 Kandarga 
[Mar 8]
Tsotse Baki      1-2 Sultanat         [annulled]
[Mar 11]
Etoile Filante   2-1 ASAF
[Mar 14]
Kandarga         8-0 Tsotse Baki      [annulled]
[Mar 17]
Sultanat         0-3 Etoile Filante 
[Mar 20]
Tsotse Baki      n/p ASAF             [Tsotse Baki withdrew]
[Mar 24]
Kandarga         1-0 Etoile Filante
[Mar 27]
ASAF             0-0 Sultanat
[Mar 30]
Etoile Filante   n/p Tsotse Baki      [Tsotse Baki withdrew]
[May 8]
Sultanat          -  Kandarga
Table:
 1.Etoile F. de la Police de Zinder   3   2  0  1   5- 2   6  Qualified
 2.Kandarga FC de Zinder              2   2  0  0   2- 0   6  Qualified
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 3.ASAF de Zinder                     3   0  1  2   1- 3   1
 4.Sultanat FC de Zinder              2   0  1  1   0- 3   1
 -.Tsotse Baki FC de Mirriah         withdrew
Poule B
[Mar 6]
Daoura           2-0 Mounio
[Mar 10]
Tanimoune        2-2 Albarka                
[Mar 13]
JSD              0-0 Daoura
[Mar 15]
Tanimoune        1-1 Mounio
[Mar 19]
Albarka          0-3 JSD
[Mar 23]
Daoura           2-1 Tanimoune
[Mar 26]
Mounio           0-1 Albarka
[Mar 28]
JSD              1-0 Tanimoune
[Mar 31]
Albarka          2-4 Daoura
[May 11]
Mounio            -  JSD
Table:
 1.Daoura FC de Magaria               4   3  1  0   8- 3  10  Qualified
 2.JSD de Zinder                      3   2  1  0   4- 0   7  Qualified
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 3.Albarka FC                         4   1  1  2   5- 9   4  [aka Azura]
 4.Tanimoune FC de Zinder             4   0  2  2   4- 6   2
 5.Mounio FC de Gouré                 3   0  1  2   1- 4   1
Semifinals
[May 18]
Kandarga         4-2 Daoura           
[May 19]            
Etoile Filante   bt  JSD              [reported 0-1, possibly awarded]
 
Final [May 28, stade Lawan Didi Manzo, Zinder] 
Etoile Filante   bt  Kandarga         
NB: JSD = Jeunesse Sportive du Damagaram
Phase Final
Group Stage [Aug 10-16]
Poule A
   Etoile Filante Police (Zinder)
   Dileram FC de Nguigmi (Diffa)
   Ouragan FC (Niamey)
   Abzin FC (Agadez)
Poule B
   Avenir FC (Tillaberi)
   ASCBK (Tahoua)
   National Dendi (Dosso)
   AS Bourja (Maradi)
Semifinals [Aug 18]
Final [Aug 20]
Promoted: Abzin FC (Agadez), Etoile Filante Police (Zinder), 
          ASCBK (Tahoua), AS Bourja (Maradi), Avenir FC (Tillaberi)
Source for Ligue régional de Zinder: https://de-de.facebook.com/groups/497322417632686
Prepared and maintained by Hans Schöggl and Karel Stokkermans for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Authors: Hans Schöggl and Karel Stokkermans
Last updated: 21 Jun 2024
(C) Copyright Hans Schöggl, Karel Stokkermans and RSSSF 2021/24
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the authors. All rights reserved.